1. Mrs. Krueger US Government

2. Types of Government Countries can have a variety of political systems. They include: Direct Democracy Representative Government Monarchy Autocracy (Dictatorship) Oligarchy

3. Direct Democracy Sometimes called “pure democracy” People gathered to vote on laws in ancient Athens and Rome. Very difficult to do in large numbers. People may not know much about the issues they vote on. States and towns in the U.S. use ballot questions to get the public’s vote on important issues.

4. Representative Government Often called a “republic.” The people elect representatives to make the laws. Citizens must pay attention to vote smartly, but do not need to be experts on every law. Examples are U.S, Canada, Mexico, United Kingdom U.S. House of Representatives

5. Democracy vs. Republic What is the difference between a democracy and a republic?

6. Democracy vs. Republic Democracy: the people directly vote for what they want. Republic: the people vote for representatives to make laws on their behalf. Is the United States a democracy or republic? Why?

7. Monarchy Ruler inherits the throne by birth. Citizens do not have a right to decide laws. Fewer monarchies in the last 100 years. Jordan, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia are examples. Others, such as United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden, and Japan, are now democracies with monarch as ceremonial leader. Jordan’s King Abdullah

8. What are two forms of government that are considered an Autocracy?

9. oldest form of government One person rules the entire country. leader is determined through family lines leader is in this position for life Often, a monarchy will include a dynasty, a powerful group or family that maintains its power and position over many generations Autocracy: Absolute Monarchy

10. Autocracy: Dictatorship One person or one party holds total power to government. Citizens have few rights and don’t make decisions. Dictators sometimes call themselves “president” and hold elections, but it is just for show because no one else is allowed to run. Examples: Cuba, North Korea, Libya, Egypt Iraq’s Former Dictator Saddam Hussein

11. How do dictators keep power? Dictators can use their armies to arrest or attack protesters. Dictators often promise a better life, especially for the poor. Many countries have never had democracy, so they are used to having dictators. Some dictators get support from other countries, such as Soviet Union’s support for Fidel Castro in Cuba. Fidel Castro of Cuba

12. Constitutional Monarchy…… monarch as head of state --one who represents the people as a traditional symbol of the country AND elected officials as head of government --those who make laws and official decisions for the country Combination Governments: Democracy + Monarchy

13. Oligarchy A form of government where a few wealthy, powerful males rule. Many times this government is found in a communist nation where a group of militant men make decisions. Countries that are considered an oligarchy are: China, Cuba, and Venezuela

14. Federal Republic a country that has no monarch The head of the country is usually an elected president. Citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf Shares power with national and local authorities.

15. Totalitarian country with only one political party People are forced to do what the government tells them and may also be prevented from leaving the country.

16. Theocracy Life is based on God and religious beliefs Nature is at the center of many decisions and beliefs.

17. Anarchy No government system Civil War and constant unrest

18. Do You Know Your Forms of Government?

19. A or B? 1. One person is in charge. A B AutocracyDemocracy

20. A or B? 2. Citizens often have no rights. A B DemocracyDictatorship

21. A or B? 3. Can exist with other forms of government. A B DictatorshipTheocracy

22. A or B? 4. Led by a king or queen. A B MonarchyOligarchy

23. A or B? 5. Nobody is in charge. A B MonarchyAnarchy

24. A or B? 6. Those in charge are military members who took over by force. A B JuntaDemocracy

25. A or B? 7. Leader often shares power with other parts of government. A B MonarchyDictatorship

26. A or B? 8. Democracy where citizens elect others to serve in government. A B DirectRepresentative

27. A or B? 9. Citizens vote to elect their leaders. A B DemocracyAutocracy

28. A or B? 10. A small group rules the country. A B OligarchyDemocracy

29. A or B? 11. People do not answer to any leader or government. A B OligarchyAnarchy

30. A or B? 12. God and religious law are the government authority. A B OligarchyTheocracy

31. Identify That Government!

32. SWITZERLAND Citizens elect representatives to sit in two different lawmaking assemblies. But citizens also vote several times a year to decide on laws. Citizens can vote to propose their own laws or undo laws passed by their representatives. All citizens may vote directly on these laws. Forms of Government: _________________________________ and _________________________________ representative democracy direct democracy

33. SOUTH AFRICA From 1948-1994, official policy in South Africa gave white people all the political power. Even though the majority of South Africans were black, non-whites could not influence government. White South Africans elected representatives to sit in a lawmaking body. Forms of Government: _________________________________ and _________________________________ oligarchy representative democracy

34. NORTH KOREA One man leads North Korea and controls its government. He also controls its ruling political party. The ruling party chooses candidates for an Assembly, and citizens vote. The candidates do not have opponents, so citizens have no choices. Form of Government: _________________________________ dictatorship

35. SAUDI ARABIA Saudi Arabia is led by a king. The king appoints a Council of Ministers to help govern, but there are no elections. Saudi Arabia’s Basic Law states that the country’s constitution is the Islamic holy book the Qur’an and other religious traditions. Forms of Government: _________________________________ and _________________________________ monarchy theocracy

36. DENMARK The people of Denmark elect representatives to sit in Parliament, a lawmaking body. The Queen of Denmark heads the country, but she only has a small role in government. The government is led by a Prime Minister, who is appointed from among the elected representatives. Forms of Government: _________________________________ and _________________________________ monarchy representative democracy

37. BRAZIL Brazil is led by a president who is elected by the citizens. Citizens in Brazil elect a new president every four years. Citizens also elect representatives to serve in two different legislative bodies. Form of Government: _________________________________ representative democracy

38. True or False?

39. 1. A monarchy can be like a dictatorship or it can be part of a democracy.  True  False Example or Reason: 2. A dictatorship can also be a democracy.  True  False Example or Reason: 3. A democracy can have both representative and direct characteristics at the same time.  True  False Example or Reason: 4. An oligarchy can include representative democracy.  True  False Example or Reason: 5. A government can be both a monarchy and an anarchy at the same time.  True  False Example or Reason: 6. Theocracy can co-exist with monarchy.  True  False Example or Reason: 7. Theocracy can co-exist with democracy.  True  False Example or Reason: 8. An oligarchy can be like a dictatorship.  True  False Example or Reason: True or False?  Denmark / Saudi Arabia  Citizens get no say in a dictatorship  Switzerland  In South Africa, some got to vote  Monarchy and anarchy are opposites!  Saudi Arabia  In Iran, citizens vote  Under a junta, citizens often have few rights

40. Vocabulary Crossword

41. Across 3. Type of democracy where citizens elect leaders to represent them in government 7. A small group that rules a country after taking it over by force 9. One person has all the power 10. Type of democracy where citizens are involved in day-to- day government Down 1. Recognizes God as the ultimate authority in government and law 2. One leader has absolute control over citizens’ lives 4. Citizens hold the political power 5. A small group of people has all the power 6. People are not subject to any nation or government 8. A king or queen rules the country Vocabulary Crossword REPRESE N T ATIVE D T H O C R A C YR O C T A T S DI P RECT L O J U N A T M G I H H C R A C R A N O Y H C R A OR Y H CY C R A C Y UT D E M O

42. Absolute Monarchy: Oman, Swaziland, Saudi Arabia Dictatorship: Libya, North Korea Oligarchy: China, Cuba, Vietnam, Laos Federal Republic: Germany, Ethiopia, India Constitutional Monarchy: Japan, United Kingdom, Sweden, and Norway Theocracy: Iran, Vatican City

43. What is economics? The study of how goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed. The people who make goods or services are called “producers.” The people who buy goods or services are called “consumers.”

44. Three Economic Systems 2-44 Communism Socialism Capitalism (Highly Controlled ) (Little Control ) Mixed

45. Capitalism Sometimes called “market economy.” Ex. U.S.A. People own companies and decide what to produce to make consumers happy. Business owners can earn big profits or can lose their money if a business fails. Some businesses sell stock to get more capital to invest. New York Stock Exchange

46. Understanding Free Markets or Capitalism CAPITALISM is an economic system in which all or most of the means of production and distribution are privately owned and operated for profit. No country is purely capitalist, but the FOUNDATION OF THE U.S. IS CAPITALISM. Capitalism is the foundation for the economics of England, Canada, Australia, and most developed nations. 2-46

47. Free-Market/Capitalism 2-47 In a free-market system, decisions about what to produce and in what quantities are made by THE MARKET (not the government). Therefore, Consumers send signals to producers about what to make, how many, and so on through their buying behavior..

48. How Free Markets Work 2-48 People under free-market capitalism have four basic rights: 1. Private Property - individuals can buy, sell, own property and pass it on. 2. Profit/Ownership - right keep profits. 3. Freedom of Competition - right to compete within government guidelines. 4. Freedom of Choice - people can choose where they live, work and what they do

49. Limits of Free-Markets 2-49 Inequality of Wealth- Causes National & World Tension Inequality of Wealth- Causes National & World Tension Greed Compromises Ethics Greed Compromises Ethics Potential Environmental Damage Potential Environmental Damage Limitations Push Country towards Socialism = Government Regulation Limitations Push Country towards Socialism = Government Regulation

50. Command Economy The government makes economic decisions about what should be produced, how much it should cost. Two types of command economies are socialism and communism. Workers arrive at a factory in the old Soviet Union in 1929.

51. Command Economies In socialism, the government runs some industries, such as oil, and uses profits to pay for health care, education. Ex. Venezuela In communism, the government runs all industries, owns all property, sets wages, and prices, and people must do as they are told. Ex. North Korea Venezuela’s President Hugo Chavez

52. Socialism – is an economic system based on the premise that basic industries should be owned or controlled by the gov’t. so that resources my be more evenly distributed. Example: Denmark & Netherlands. 2-52 Private & Public Ownership Private & Public Ownership Some Choices are Limited Some Choices are Limited Creates Social Equality Creates Social Equality Reduces Individual Incentive- Brain Drain Reduces Individual Incentive- Brain Drain

53. 2-53 Industrialized Nations’ Tax Rate Source: Parade Magazine, Apr. 12, 1998.

54. Communism – is an economic and political system in which the Government makes almost all economic decision and owns all the factors of production. Example: North Korea & Cuba. Problem: Gov’t has no way to know what to produce because prices don’t reflect supply/demand! 2-54 State or Gov’t ownership of factors of production. State or Gov’t ownership of factors of production. Central Planning/Controlled Economy Central Planning/Controlled Economy Managers = Mandatory Party Membership Managers = Mandatory Party Membership

55. Communism vs. Capitalism Capitalists say that people have no reason to do a good job in communism because everyone gets the same pay. Products are boring and poorly made. Communists say that capitalism is unfair to the poor because people at the top of the company get rich while workers get low wages. They also say capitalists wipe out little companies and destroy the environment to get money.

56. Communism vs. Capitalism The Cold War from 1945- 1991 between U.S. and Soviet Union was based on getting nations to line up on the communist side or capitalist side. Today Russia allows some capitalism. Communist China also allows some capitalism. Factory workers in China

57. Putting Politics & Economics Together Communist countries have been dictatorships in which leaders have tried to control all aspects of the country. But not all dictators are Communists. Some want capitalist companies to come in and create jobs Ex. Batista in Cuba before Castro. Democracies are sometimes capitalist and sometimes socialist. Voters may elect a leader who promises to help the poor through socialism. Or voters may prefer capitalism as a way to create more jobs.