1. PowerPoint Slides for Chapter 16: Variation and Population Genetics 16.3 Non-Mendelian genetics: Why do we need annual flu vaccines? Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved. by A. Malcolm Campbell, Laurie J. Heyer, & Christopher Paradise Integrating Concepts in Biology

2. Biology Learning Objectives Explain why we need annual flu vaccines and how that relates to information. Distinguish viral mechanisms for genetic diversity from cellular mechanisms. Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved.

3. Figure 16.12 Influenza A Virus Image from CDC. Public Domain.

4. Figure 16.12 Influenza A Virus ssRNA genome Image from CDC. Public Domain.

5. Influenza A Virus protein coat Figure 16.12 Image from CDC. Public Domain.

6. Influenza A Virus glycoprotein spikes (not to scale) Figure 16.12 Image from CDC. Public Domain.

7. Extra Figure Recombination of Genomes virus #1 infects a cell host cell Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved.

8. Extra Figure Recombination of Genomes virus #1 infects a cell virus #2 infects a cell host cell Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved.

9. Extra Figure Recombination of Genomes new virus buds with novel combination of ssRNA chromosomes host cell Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved.

10. Flu During WWI Figure 16.13 Image from flu.gov. Public Domain.

11. History Repeats Itself Figure 16.14 1918 postal worker 2010 airport travelers A, From flu.gov. Public Domain; B. Author ÑEneas De Troya, 2009, Creative Commons Attribution License.

12. Ethical, Legal, Social Implications 16.1 Why do people refuse the flu vaccine for themselves and their children? Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications Learning Objectives Investigate the reasons why some people refuse flu vaccines and the ethical and social implications of these decisions. Evaluate the arguments for and against annual flu vaccines. Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved.

13. Why do people refuse the flu vaccine for themselves and their children? ELSI Integrating Questions 1.Argue for or against getting an annual flu vaccine from what you have learned in this Ethical, Legal, Social Implications Box and Section 16.4. 2.Convince a friend who is afraid to get vaccinated that getting vaccinated is in their best interest. Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved.