1. Exploring Plants Plant Reproduction

3. Reproductive Structure of Seed Plants  Male sex cells  pollen grain – has thick protective wall  Ovule  female sex cells of a seed plant  Pollination  transfer of pollen grains from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structure

4. Reproductive Structure of Seed Plants  Pollen tube  grows from pollen grain to ovule, allowing sperm to pass directly to an egg

5. Seeds  Hard, outer cell layers of ovule  seed coat - protects the embryo  Cotyledon  seed leaves, part of plant embryo- transfer nutrients to embryo

6. Cones  Sex cells of gymnosperms develop in cones  Male cones produce pollen grains, female cones produce ovules  Pollen carried by wind  Seed cones close up after pollination, & remain closed until seed is mature

7. Flowers  In angiosperms, sex cells (gametophytes) develop in flowers  Sepal  protects the flower from damage while in the bud  Petal  attracts pollinators (very pretty)  Stamens  produce pollen  Anther  top of stamen, pollen- producing sac

8. Flowers  Pistil  produces ovules  Ovary  swollen, lower portion of pistil  Complete flowers have all 4 parts

9. Flowers

10. Flowers & Pollinators  Flowers have bright colored petals, sugary nectar, strong odors, & different shapes to attract animal pollinators  Flowers are source of food for insects, birds, and bats.

11. Pollination & Fertilization

12. Vegetative Reproduction  Asexual reproduction that involves non- reproductive parts: stems, roots, & leaves  Many structures are modified stems  runners, bulbs, corms, rhizomes, & tubers  Vegetative reproduction is faster than sexual reproduction  Examples: spider plants, onions, ferns, potato

13. Examples of Stems Modified for Vegetative Reproduction

14. Plant Propagation  Growing new plants from seed or from vegetative parts  Ex: budding, grafting, cuttings, cultures cultures