1. BY- DR SUDEEP K.C.

2. The Nasal Cavity: Functions  The superior part of the respiratory tract  A passageway for air to lungs  Filters impurities esp. dust from inspired air  Warms and humidifies inspired air  Organ of smell  Aids in phonation  Receives secretions from paranasal sinuses  Receives secretions from nasolacrimal duct

3.  External nose: Cartilage stuck to the nasal bones creating a wind tunnel with two holes called the external nares or nostrils  Function: filtering air odors detection resonating chamber that amplifies the voice (hold your nose) moisture addition warming air FOR Men and Women 3

4.  Note the philtrum 4

5.  Where does the nasal bone end in the nose? 5

6. The internal part is much larger than the external part The external nose is the part that projects from the face. Its supporting skeleton is comprised of bone and cartilage. External Nose, The Bones: Nasal Frontal (Nasal Part) Maxilla (Frontal Process) http://z.about.com/d/drawsketch/1/0/-/B/nose-anatomy.jpg The Cartilages http://www.netterimages.com/images/vtn/000/000/001/1998-150x150.jpg

7.  The entire nasal cavity extends from the nares (nostrils) anteriorly to the choanae posteriorly Choanae http://mywebpages.comcast.net/wnor/nasalseptumbonescarti.jpg http://www.netterimages.com/images/vtn/000/000/001/1966-150x150.jpg

8.  IT IS PYRAMIDAL IN SHAPE WITH ITS ROOT UP AND THE BASE DIRECTED DOWNWARDS. IT CONSISTS OF OSTEOCARTILAGINOUS FRAMEWORK COVERED BY MUSCLES AND SKIN

10.  1.BONY PART:- Upper 1/3 rd of the external nose is bony while lower 2/3 rd are cartilaginous. Two nasal bones which meet in the midline and rest on the upper part orf nasal process of the frontal bone and are themselves held between the frontal processes of the maxillae.

11.  2. Cartilaginous part: It consists of Upper lateral cartilages(alar cartilage) Lower lateral cartilages(alar cartilage) Lesser alar(sesamoid) Septal cartilage

12.  Osteocartilaginous framework of nose is covered by muscles which bring about movements of the nasal tip, ala and the overlying skin. They are the procerus,nasalis (transverse & alar parts),levator lavii superiorioris alaque nasi, anterior &posterior dialoter nares and depressor septi.

13.  Thin and free upper part,thick and adherent containing many sebaceous glands lower part (alar cartilage)

14.  He needed to have the tip of his nose reconstructed, so the surgeon cut a flap of forehead skin and attached it to the nose's end. The flap stayed attached to the forehead until the blood vessels in the nose fed the skin newly attached to it. He’s all put back together now and you wouldn’t know that his head had been rubix cubed so recently. He’s back to his good looking self with just a teeny fading scar to show for all this fuss. Modern medicine is amazing.

15.  Each half of the nasal cavity has a:  Floor  Roof  Lateral wall  Septal wall http://www.resource.nsw.gov.au/murfy/images/Box.gif

16.  Palatine process maxilla  Horizontal plate palatine bone (the superior surface of the hard palate) http://www.netterimages.com/images/vtn/000/000/001/1966-150x150.jpg

17.  Narrow  Formed by a number of bones and cartilages Anterior part – corresponds with bridge of nose Intermediate part – formed by cribriform plate Posterior part – formed by inferior surface, sphenoid body http://www.netterimages.com/images/vpv/000/000/000/986-0550x0350.jpg Nasal Cartilages, Nasal, Frontal, Ethmoid,Sphenoid Bones

18. Divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves It is part osseous and part cartilaginous Perpendicular Plate (ethmoid) Vomer Septal Cartilage http://www.netterimages.com/images/vtn/000/000/004/4772-150x150.jpg

19. 19

20. Marked by 3 projections: Superior concha Middle concha Inferior concha The area below each concha is referred to as a meatus (passageway). http://webanatomy.net/histology/respiratory/nasal_cavity_lateral.jpg

21.  MAIN BRANCHES FROM IN TERNAL AND EXTERNAL  DETAILS WILL BE EXPLAINED IN EPISTAXIS

22.  External &Anterior :-Submandibular.  Rest of nasal cavity drain: upper jugular nodes either directly or retropharyngeal nodes

24. http://classroom.psu.ac.th/users/vuraporn/321_211/sense_pic/sense161.jpg The Nasolacrimal Canal conveys tears from the orbit to the inferior nasal meatus

25. Paranasal Air Sinuses Frontal Ethmoid Maxilla Sphenoid Air filled extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity are found within these bones. They are called the paranasal sinuses. http://www.ent.com.au/Sinus%20Disease%20&%20Treatment.htm

26. The paranasal sinuses are lined with mucoperiosteum ( Mucous membrane and periosteum so intimately united as to form nearly a single membrane) The mucus which is produced is moved into the nose primarily via ciliary action Apertures communicate between the sinuses and the nasal cavity Functions: 1.Resonators of the voice 2.They also reduce the skulls weight Sinusitis is inflammation and swelling of the mucosa of one or more of these paranasal sinuses

27. Nasolacrimal Canal drains into Inferior Meatus Sphenoid sinus opens into sphenoethmoidal recess Posterior ethmoidal air cells open into superior meatus Anterior & middle ethmoid air cells, maxillary and frontal sinuses open into middle meatus http://www.plastic-surgery-ross.ru/images/rhynoplasty/rin_03.jpg

28. CN I – Olfactory Nerves (SVA) Anterior ethmoidal branch of V 1 (GSA) Posterior nasal branches of V 2 (GSA) Cut nasopalatine branch of V 2 to septum (GSA) Netter, Frank H., Atlas of Human Anatomy. Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Summit, N.J. 1993. Plate 38.

29. Sphenopalatine a. Maxillary a. Netter, Frank H., Atlas of Human Anatomy. Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Summit, N.J. 1993. Plate 35.

30.  There are 2 types Olfactory  Lies in a relatively superior position Respiratory  Lines lower part of nasal cavity  Functions:  Warm inspired air  Moisten inspired air  Clean (filter) inspired air

31. DO NOT TRY IT !!!