1. SPS Beam Dump in LSS5 Etienne Carlier on behalf of LIU-SPS LSS5 Dump Working Group. IEFC – 03-07-2015

2. Outline Motivation Options – External dump – Internal dump Safety Budget Planning Summary 2

3. Motivation More robust dump block (TIDVG) design – For HL-LHC beams – For high-power FT beams Decouple dump from LSS1 systems – MKP injection kicker – Fast ion injection Reduction of residual dose rate in critical LSS1 areas by at least one order of magnitude Reduce dose to cables in TS1+ and other downstream elements Reduction of airborne radioactivity production Improve ALARA during interventions on dump system and surrounding equipment 3

4. LSS5 External Beam Dump - Layout ECA5 ECX5 CONNECTION TUNNEL DUMP BEAM DUMP TUNNEL SPS TS55 JUNCTION CAVERN DUMP CAVERN CORE POSSIBLE NEW SHAFT? Depth of the shaft: 27m Length of Dump Beam to surface: 23.5 m Level: 424 m. “LHC” like approach: - Extraction kickers - Extraction septa - Dilution kickers - External dump 4

5. LSS5 External Beam Dump - Feasibility Not enough aperture for extraction of beam below 200 GeV – Need ‘TIDH’ with losses, in ring Not enough aperture for extraction of 400 GeV FT beam during slow extraction – High energy losses on septum and ‘TIDH’ Orbit bump not good for MP – requires kicker of at least double present MKE strength – New design, impedance, cost, complexity, reliability Not enough time for CE + infrastructure in LS2 – Installation not until LS3 – Implications for LSS1 TIDVG, ion septum, Cost likely to be >>12 MCHF presently in budget – MKE, MSE, bumpers, CE, dump, infrastructure, re-cabling, … Not Feasible 5

6. 6

7. Internal Beam Dump - Principle 7

8. LSS5 Internal Beam Dump – Initial Layout 8

9. LSS5 Internal Beam Dump – Proposed Layout Vertical & Horizontal Kickers Enlarged Quadrupole Dump Block + Shielding 9

10. LSS5 Internal Beam Dump – Optics 3 MKDVs – One upstream the QD.517 and two after (better use of kicker strength) – Better dynamic range 3 MKDHs – As today New MKDH & MKDV tracking functions – Better use SPS apertures Single dump for all energies and beam types – No low energy TIDH dump Francesco Velotti (TE-ABT) 10

11. LSS5 Internal Beam Dump – Aperture Enlarged quadrupole – QFA.518 Quadrupole dog-leg (horizontal and vertical) still needed – QFA.518 aperture bottleneck for dumped beams for FT beams Trying to find a solution that, at least, doesn’t require the horizontal displacement of the quads Francesco Velotti (TE-ABT) 11

12. Vertical Kicker – LSS1 Layout Third generator added in the 70 th (SPS upgrade to 450 GeV for p-pbar) Hybrid configuration with three HV pulsed generators sharing two magnets Identified common mode point of failure (magnet HV breakdown) 12

13. Vertical Kicker – LSS5 Layout One additional MKDV magnet (Type 2 with large aperture) Upgrade MKDV “thyragnitron” switches to semi-conductor switches No common mode point of failure anymore Additional redundancy in case of failure (1oo3 still on the dump) Reduced operational voltage (reduced probability of magnet breakdown) 13

14. Machine Impedance – Additional MKDV Scenarios 1.One additional “small” aperture MKDV 2.One additional “large” aperture MKDV The impact on the transverse impedance budget and stability is expected to be negligible Slight increase of the longitudinal kicker impedance. However, the kicker longitudinal impedance with one additional MKDV is expected to be smaller than 2012 kicker impedance Giovani Rumolo (BE-ABP) & Carlo Zannini (BE-ASR) 14 Transverse Impedance Longitudinal Impedance

15. Dump Block - Design Florian Pasdeloup, Antonio Perillo Marcone & Genevieve Eleanor Steele (EN-STI) The design considered for the first simulations is more or less the one of the current TIDVG : – Blocks hit by the beam – Cooling circuit in the copper jacket – Block pressed mechanically on the copper Graphite blocks Tungsten block Copper block Copper jacket (Ø500mm) First steel shielding (Ø850mm) 15

16. Dump Block - Design Several geometries tested Geometry 2.03.03.1 – Diameter of the copper core0.5m0.5m0.5m – Length of the copper core6m5m 5m – Length of the blocks Graphite (2020)5.3m4.3m4.0m Copper (C10100)0.4m0.4m0.7m Tungsten (Densimet 180)0.3m0.3m0.3m The most interesting one is the geometry 3.0 – 5m long dump block In order to improve the performance of the dump, new simulations on going with different grades of material: Graphite 2020 replaced by R*550 Copper C10100 replaced by CuCrZr (for the copper jacket) and Glidcop Al60 for the block Tungsten Densimet 180 replaced by pure Tungsten Studies on going for improved heat exchange between blocks and cooling circuits. Florian Pasdeloup, Antonio Perillo Marcone & Genevieve Eleanor Steele (EN-STI) 16

17. Dump Block – First Results First thermal results show no thermal limits: a steady state is reached and the maximum temperature for each material is in the range of use of these latter. Note: these results are strongly dependent of the heat exchange transfer with the cooling circuit: the values of heat exchange coefficients must be confirmed experimentally. Graphite Copper Tungsten Florian Pasdeloup, Antonio Perillo Marcone & Genevieve Eleanor Steele (EN-STI) Structural simulations are on going to validate the mechanical strength of the different parts. 17

18. Machine Impedance – Dump New designCurrent designFull SPS Graphite length4.3 m2.7 m- Longitudinal impedance (/m length) 3.2 10 -5 Ohm2.9 10 -5 Ohm Transverse impedance (/m length) 1.1 kOhm/m760 Ohm/m Longitudinal effective impedance 1.4 10 -4 Ohm7.8 10 -5 Ohm~5 Ohm Transverse effective impedance (At average beta function) 4.7 kOhm/m2.1 kOhm/m~20 MOhm/m  The new TIDVG is significantly worse due to its longer jaw closer to the beam  But the computed resistive wall impedances are really small, and are expected to be in the background of the rest of the machine Benoit Salvant (BE-ABP) 18

19. Dump Shielding - Architecture Shielding sandwich structure – 35 to 45 cm concrete – 100 cm iron – 40 to 50 cm concrete or marble (transport side and transport side exit) – 10 cm iron shielding in ground on transport side – Total size 10m x 5m x 5m Left view cut Back view cut Top view cut 19 Jean-Louis Grenard (EN-HE), Mathieu Baudin & Helmut Vincke (DGS-RP)

20. Dump Shielding - Handling Partial opening of the surrounding shielding in case of a dump replacement All operations executed remotely with the ECX5 polar (refurbishment of the crane part of the project) + installation of a vision system (similar as TCC2 or HiRadMat Concept) All items which need to be handle remotely will be equipped with special lifting points (mushroom or ‘’noix de bloc’’) Length of the dump compatible with SPS BA3 lift Jean-Louis Grenard (EN-HE) 20

21. Dump Shielding - Efficiency Mathieu Baudin & Helmut Vincke (DGS-RP) The proposed shielding will allow to work without restrictions after beam operation outside the dump area (acceptable radiation levels). To compare with >10mSv/h for present TIDVG in LSS1 21 20 years of operation with 2E18 protons per year, followed by 1 day of operation with 5E12 protons/s µSv/h 1 week of cooling 1 hour of cooling

22. Mask(s) to Shield QD519 Jean-Louis Grenard (EN-HE), Genevieve Eleanor Steele (EN-STI), Mathieu Baudin & Helmut Vincke (DGS-RP) 7692 mm 1.4 m 0.5 m 7682 mm between dump and QD519 0.5 m between mask and QD519 A second mask could be added 50 cm after the shielding exit Beam pipe inner diameter: – Ø 100 mm between dump and mask – Ø 70 mm in mask 1 – Ø 74 mm in mask 2 – Ø 83 mm in QD519 Shielding : – 300 mm iron – 200 mm marble – 1.4 m long, square section Top view cut, beam line level Transversal cut 30 cm iron 20 cm marble QD519 22

23. Mask(s) to Shield QD519 - Efficiency 20 years of operation with 2E18 protons per year, followed by 1 day of operation with 5E12 protons/s Mathieu Baudin & Helmut Vincke (DGS-RP) 23 µSv/h With mask Without mask QD519 1 week of cooling 1 hour of cooling Difference in activation triggered dose rate for QD519 of ~4 orders of magnitude when two masks are used

24. Vacuum – Period 517 QD 51710 3xVPI (400L/s) VG, VVR 3xVPI (400L/s) VG, VVR MKDV1 MKDV3 MKDH1 MKDH2 MKDH3 3xVPI (400L/s) VG, VVR 3xVPI (400L/s) VG, VVR 2xVPI (400L/s) VG, VVR 2xVPI (400L/s) VG, VVR 2xVPI (400L/s) VG, VVR 2xVPI (400L/s) VG, VVR 2xVPI (400L/s) VG, VVR 2xVPI (400L/s) VG, VVR VGs, VPI, VVR 51780 (20L/s) VGs, VPI, VVR 51780 (20L/s) VPI 51798 (20L/s) VPI 51798 (20L/s) VPI 51801 (20L/s) VPI 51801 (20L/s) VPI 51796 (20L/s) VPI 51796 (20L/s) DN159 MKDV2 3xVPI (400L/s) VG, VVR 3xVPI (400L/s) VG, VVR Jose Antonio Ferreira Somoza (TE-VSC) Two new valves for sectorization around MKDV / MKDH (upstream MKDV1 & downstream MKDH3) – Replacement of QD517 will require MKDV venting New vacuum chamber from MKDH to QF518 (DN159) Consolidation MKDH pumps 24

25. Vacuum – Period 518 QFA 51810 VPI 51820 (20L/s) VPI 51820 (20L/s) VVSB, VG 51820 Dump QD 51910 VPI (450L/s) VPI (450L/s) VVSB 51933 VPI, VG 51920 (20L/s) VPI, VG 51920 (20L/s) VPI (250L/s) VPI (250L/s) VPI (250L/s) VPI (250L/s) DN273? VVR New vacuum chamber from QFA518 to dump (DN273) Valve after QD519: – Less dose (mask) – Replacement of QD requires dump venting Jose Antonio Ferreira Somoza (TE-VSC) 25

26. Instrumentation Dumped 14 GeV FT beam (top) and 400 GeV FT beam after slow extraction (bottom). The region to be instrumented is shaded grey. Three different vacuum chamber diameters are also plotted. Schematic of monitor location and alignment upstream of the new dump block Instrumented region (w.r.t. circulating beam axis) – -19 to -84 mm in V – -80 to +70 mm in H Instrument performance (over the complete energy range) – Max intensity: 320 bunches of 2.5e11 p+/bunch, with 1.9 um emittance – Min intensitty: 1 pilot Resolution – At least 2.5mm per channel in V and 5 mm per channel in H Possibility to reuse existing SEM grid tanks under consideration 26 Christophe Vuitton, Lars Jensen, Frederico Roncarolo & Raymond Veness (BE-BI)

27. Civil Engineering – Tunnel Enlargement Frederic Galleazzi, Yvon Muttoni (EN-MEF) & Richard Morton for GS-SE Tunnel enlargement required at the junction between ECX5 and tunnel in order to allow equipment transport around the SPS Tunnel enlargement by 1.2m over 15m 27

28. Civil Engineering – Dump Support & Storage Pit “Hot” Dump storage pit Enhanced dump support 28 Frederic Galleazzi, Yvon Muttoni (EN-MEF), Richard Morton for GS-SE

29. Dump Shielding – Air Activation General flow rate: 0.1 m 3 h -1 (prevent the accumulation of long lived radio-isotopes) Air to be transported in a controlled, loss free way to the ECX5 air exit Venting rate should be increased to at least 1 m 3 /h (better 3.6 m 3 /s) just before opening the shielding. Option with constant venting rate under consideration. Dead volumes (=locally no air movement) within the shielding must be prevented. Air tubes should enter the shielded air volume from the upstream part of the shielding. Uncontrolled leakage of radioactive air from inside the shielding into accessible areas has to be prevented. No RP/environment restriction required for the rest of the ECX5 area. Jani Lehtinen, Mauro Nonis (EN-CV), Mathieu Baudin & Helmut Vincke (DGS-RP) 29

30. Survey – Dump Alignment Dump support and alignment – No motorization. Low dose rates could allow an external manual alignment of the dump inside shielding – Dump references must be accessible (visible) through shielding Direct line of sight (wire) above reference sockets of 3 quads – Not possible (shielding height) Shifted reference line over 3 quads on either side (wire only) – Transport side line of sight: Not possible (shielding width) – Service side line of sight: Under evaluation (“empty” cylindrical volume of 20cm diam. required through all services) Alternate solution – Angular measurements over 4 quads (additional instrumentation needed on the ECX5 platform) Patrick Bestmann (EN-MEF) 30

31. Kicker Platform Location – ECA5 110 m2 needed for kicker HV generators, electronics and controls Access to kicker platform required during beam operation New ECA5/ECX5 access system sectorization required R2E aspects sound OK (same as see level) Infrastructure not available (false floor, 1t crane…) 31

32. Kicker Platform Location – ECA5 - Prompt Dose Mathieu Baudin & Helmut Vincke (DGS-RP) Prompt dose rates in junction area and ECA5 show that access in ECA5 may be feasible (anticipated beam loss rates are still needed to confirm). Use of elevator and staircases located in junction area may be problematic. 32 Dose caused by one full shot (3E13 protons) Full beam loss on an iron target upstream from the dump (conservative scenario) Sv Maximum loss rates allowed to access ECA5 areas during beam operation Stairs to BB5< 1E-6 Elevator to BB5< 1E-5 ECA5 area (including side walk leading to opening in the wall) < 3E-5 ECA5 floor area (excluding side walk leading to openings in the wall) < 1E-4 ~1 mSv per lost shot in elevator shaft ~5 mSv per lost shot in stairs

33. Cabling (De-cabling – Re-Cabling) After removing the obsoletes cables : Optical fibres Power and signal cables (10 cable trays) Cables coming from BB5 Water cooled cables (Alim QF/QD not used) 389 signal cables 20 power DC cables (TBC) 478 signal cables 100 power DC cables (TBC) Cables coming from BA5 Jean-Claude Guillaume (EN-EL) TS5+ Service Side TS5+ Transport Side 33

34. Cabling (De-cabling – Re-Cabling) TS5+ service side: -Not impacted by dump installation -Space foreseen between dump shielding and cable ladders in order to keep easy access to cable ladders after dump installation -Full re-cabling foreseen during LS2 (SPS-CONS). Profit of equipment removal for CE during LS2. -Protection to be installed before start of CE work (power cables) TS5+ transport side: -Cables to be removed before start of CE work (LS2) -De-cabling to be done during forthcomings YETS & EYETS -No major difficulties identified. -Strategy for remaining cables to be defines Other – Removal of water cooled cables (both sides of ECX5) to be planned during YETS/EYETS – TS5- de-cabling foreseen during YEST/EYETS Jean-Claude Guillaume (EN-EL) 34

35. Others SystemGroup Machine ProtectionTE-MPE Connection to Injection (TBC) & Ring BIS (client & server) SynchronisationBE-RF Beam Revolution Frequency B-Train Beam Energy Tracking System TE-EPC Connection to RB current for energy reference in BA3/CCR ControlBE-CO Timing OASIS Page 1 Console NetworkIT-CS Ethernet WIFI InstrumentationBE-BI Fast BCT (synchronisation) Slow BCT (beam tracking) Electrical powerEN-EL Stable network (50kVA) UPS (10kVA) 35

36. Impact on LSS1 Elements removed between QDA117 and QDA119 – Kickers (2 x MKDV & 3 x MKDH) – Dumps (1 x TIDH & 1 TIDVG) – Instrumentations (1 x TFDH & 2 x TFDV) – Shielding wall alongside TIDVG) Full realignment needed (H & V) – Removal of dog-leg (QDA117, QFA118 & QDA119) Vacuum sectorization to be reviewed (Period 117 & 118) De-cabling campaign to be prepared – Kicker transmission line – Control cables 36

37. Safety “Launch Safety Agreement” created for conventional safety aspects. Update of the document on-going in collaboration with HSE. Radiological aspects closely followed with DGS-RP. “SPS Fire Safety Consolidation Study WG” – Beam dump by itself is unlikely to create any additional problems as concerns fire safety – High volume of oil in the the tanks if kicker systems relocated in ECA5 taking into account the proximity of an evacuation path – Dump ventilation evacuation in case of failure of the ducting Fabio Corsanego (DGS-SEE), James Ridewood (BE-OP) & Anne Funken (BE-ASR) 37

38. Relocation 38  Displace  Decommission  Replace On-going case-by-case discussions with user(s) and equipment responsible in order to find the best solution e.g. Crab Cavity location already decided in LSS6

39. Cost Estimate (Draft) 39 ItemGroupCosting byCost [kCHF]Notes Civil engineering (tunnel, platform)GS/SEAtkins3000v2 cost tbc Infrastructure modifications, metal structuresGS/SEtbc150 Improvement ECX5/ECA5 shieldingGS/SEtbc0CONS/fire protection budget? Displacement of MKDV/H kickersTE/ABTE.Carlier800Generators in ECA5 Upgrade of MKDV switches and generatorsTE/ABTL.Ducimetiere0Already in CONS budget (810 kCHF) Additional MKDV kicker and new spareTE/ABTL.Ducimetiere1500 New vacuum chambers, pumps and valvesTE/VSCJ.Somoza40060 m of machine. Without LSS1 Interlocking fibres and electronicsTE/MPEtbc100Displacement and new fibres/racks Displacement of correctors, installation QFA518TE/MSCtbc100 RP loss and activation monitoringDG/RPH.Vincke100 Integration and layoutEN/MEFY. Muttoni50 Supports and alignmentEN/MEFtbc50 QD519 coil masksEN/STIF.Pasdeloup150 Dump block, spare and connectionsEN/STIF.Pasdeloup1400probably 2 MCHF with 1 spare! Displacement of UA9 elementsEN/STISTI (Simone)300100 kCHF for cabling and handling Displacement of LHC test collimatorsEN/STItbc100 Transport and handling study and manpower costs pre- LS2EN/HEJ.L.Grenard208includes 80 kCHF for handling studies Manpower during LS2EN/HEJ.L.Grenard296 Manpower for support during CE workEN/HEJ.L.Grenard300 Remote handling crane upgradeEN/HEJ.L.Grenard400plus 200 kCHF already in CONS Remote handling toolingEN/HEJ.L.Grenard150based on CNGS price Shielding structures (dump + spare storage)EN/HEJ.L.Grenard12006.0 m long dump. to be updated with 5.0 m block Electrical distributionEN/ELtbc250 Displacement existing cabling/other recablingEN/ELJ.C.Guillaume450 Water cooling for dump, kickersEN/CVtbc200to be confirmed by equipment group Ventilation for dumpEN/CVtbc50to be confirmed by equipment group Additional instrumentation for dump (BLMs)BE/BItbc50to be confirmed by equipment group Displacement of operational instrumentionBE/BItbc100to be confirmed by equipment group Displacement of LSS5 instrumentationBE/BItbc100to be confirmed by equipment group 11954

40. Planning 201520162017201820192020 Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4 YETS EYETS YETS LS2 Project approval Final design Procurement and production De-cabling campaign preparation (TS5-, TS5+ & ECX5) Infrastructure cleaning preparation (ECX5) Civil Engineering preparation Civil engineering (cable ducts ECX5 transport side) Access system reconfiguration Infrastructure ECX5 (cleaning, shielding wall, crane upgrade…) De-cabling TS5- / Water cooled cabling Infrastructure ECA5 (cleaning, kicker plateform…) De-cabling/cabling ECA5 Re-Cabling (TS5+ transport side) Infrastructure LSS5 (equipment removal...) De-cabling TS5+ Civil engineering (tunnel enlargement, dump support & storage) Re-cabling (BA5, TS5+ upstream) Re-cabling (TS5+ downstream, plateform) Kicker HV generator and Electonics & Controls displacement to ECA5 LSS5 re-installation (including dump, shielding, vacuum…) Test Commissioning w/o beam Cabling Civil Engineering Infrastructure Access Commissioning Procurement & Production Kickers 40 In discussion with EN-MEF

41. Summary - Internal Dump in LSS5 +Keep all robust features of existing dump system: simple and reliable +One absorber block for all beams over 14 to 450 GeV +Specially designed containment/shielding volume, much reduced activations and doses +Machine impedance not increased +Extra length available for TIDVG improvement +Space exists in EXC5 for dump shielding +No sensitive downstream key machine systems +Space available to install passive protection for QD519 and downstream equipment +No major re-cabling in tunnel +Only new accelerator system development is TIDVG (anyway to do) +Fit into LS2 -Impact on actual LSS5 users -Dump block remains in main SPS tunnel and internal for circulating beam -Some civil engineering required for passage around the dump shielding in ECX5 41

42. Conclusion Feasibility of an internal beam bumping system in LSS5 validated. No showstoppers identified. Design and integration studies will be completed by end 2015. LIU Project recommends the displacement of the SPS Beam Dumping System from LSS1 to LSS5 as baseline for the upgrade of the SPS during LS2. 42

43. Spares 43

44. References Design requirements for LIU-SPS TIDVG beam dump SPU-TIDV-ES-0001, EDMS 1323812 Beam Instrumentation Requirements for Upgraded Internal Beam Dump System in SPS SPS-TIDV-ES-0003, EDMS 1509780 Aperture Requirements for Upgraded Internal Beam Dump System in SPS LSS5 SPS-TIDV-ES-0004, EDMS 1509798 Upgraded Internal Beam Dump System in SPS LSS5 SPS-TIDV-ES-0002, EDMS 1504893 44

45. Survey – Dump Alignment (Plan B) Angular measurements over 4 quads Extension on ECX5 bridge to host instrument Line of sights to be verified with integration! 45 Patrick Bestmann (EN-MEF)

46. Kicker Platform Location – BB5 Kicker platform covering part of the shielding dismounting area Kicker transmission lines from BB5 to LSS5 via ECA5 to be studied into details Infrastructure not available (false floor, crane…) Half of the shielding wall “condemned” Studies on going 46