1. By Laura Cummings Amy Borngrebe

2. Giovanni Boccaccio Poet Lived in Florence and Naples

3. Petrarch Italian scholar, poet, humanist Famous for poems addressed to me Became poet laureate in Rome Perfected the style of sonnets

4. Baldassare Castiglione Wrote the Courtier Italian

5. Niccole Machiavelli Wrote The Prince “the ends justify the means”

6. Copernicus First to say sun was center of the earth Backed down from church “On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres”

7. Galileo Galilei Italian astronomer Invented telescope Confined to house arrest because he said the earth revolved around the sun

8. Michelangelo Buonarroti Sculpted David Studied at the Medici school Carved the Pieta in St. Paul Basilica

9. Lorenzo de Medici Part of the Medici In Florence, very wealthy and supported of the arts

10. Martin Luther Started the protestant reformation Began as a monk

11. John Calvin Preached predestination, or God knows who will be saved Second biggest protestant reformer

12. Elizabeth 1 Protestant queen Daughter of Anne Boleyn and King Henry VIII

13. King Henry VIII Annulled his first marriage Became head of the church of England Had 6 wives

14. Queen Mary I Became queen of England after Henry VIII Burned hundreds of protestants at the stake Became known as Bloody Mary

15. Ulrich Zwingli Was a radical reformation priest from Switzerland Created notion of theocracy, or government in which church and state are joined

16. Bramante Created the design for St. Paul Cathedral

17. Raphael Raffaello Sanzio His most famous work Known for paintings of Madonna

18. Johannes Gutenberg First European printing press Letters on metal Helped make printing faster and cheaper

19. Desiderious Erasmus Priest in Netherlands Wrote about pure and simple Christian life Writings were condemned by church and censored

20. Sit Thomas More English statesman Wrote book of a non existent society

21. Shakespeare English Playwright Spread humanism through his plays

22. Christine de Pisan Wrote of the roles of women in society Wrote to support herself

23. Albrecht Durer Visited Italy in the late 1400s Was an artist who use oil paints

24. Jan Van Eyck Flemish Painter Painted landscapes and domestic life

25. Ignatius of Loyola Basque nobleman Emphasized on the obedience of the church

26. Charles Borromeo Archbishop of Milan Implemented reforms by the council of Trent

27. Francis of Sales Helped turn the people of Savoy to Catholics Founded religious teaching order for women

28. Teresa of Avila Born in Spain Reformed the Carmelite Order

29. Holy Roman Emperor Charles V Began a war with Lutheran princes in Germany