1. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Home Front in World War I

2. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Find out how the United States quickly prepared for entry into World War I. Learn what measures the government took to control the wartime economy. Discover how the need to build support for the war sometimes clashed with civil liberties. Objectives

3. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Terms and People mobilize – to prepare for war Jeannette Rankin – Representative of Montana and the first woman elected to Congress illiterate – unable to read and write Herbert Hoover – head of the Food Administration during World War I Eugene V. Debs – labor leader jailed for criticizing the war effort

4. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. What steps did the United States government take to prepare the nation for war? In 1917, the United States had to mobilize for war. It faced enormous challenges. Increasing the size of its army Managing agriculture and industry Shaping public opinion of the war

5. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The United States took several steps to increase the size of its army, only the sixteenth largest in the world. Selective Service All men ages 21–30 had to register for the draft. Women More than 30,000 women volunteered for service. Diversity Native Americans and African Americans served. U.S. Army

6. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Women were not drafted, but they served the U.S. military in other ways. Many served in the U.S. Army and U.S. Navy Nurse Corps. Others performed clerical work. They were the first women to hold U.S. military rank.

7. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Leading women were divided over the war. The Women’s Peace Party spoke out for peace. Suffragists such as Carrie Chapman Catt hoped that women’s wartime service would win them the vote. Jeannette Rankin, the first congresswoman in U.S. history, voted against Wilson’s war resolution. Against the WarFor the War

8. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The military reflected the increasingly diverse makeup of the United States. Native Americans Mexican Americans Children of Immigrants Italian Americans Filipino Americans African Americans Native Americans were not citizens, but many volunteered for service.

9. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. They were placed in all-black units. Most were confined to noncombat duties. 380,000 African Americans served during the war. But African American soldiers still faced discrimination.

10. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The military served as an educator for many American men. Recruits learned how to fight and how to read. One in four draftees were illiterate. Some were not used to daily meals, baths, or indoor plumbing. The military taught them about nutrition and hygiene.

11. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The United States also had to reshape its economy. Agriculture and industry mobilized for war. Herbert Hoover headed the new Food Administration. He provided food supplies for civilians and troops. He urged Americans to conserve food and plant “victory gardens.”

12. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The war greatly increased demands on American industries. Women and African Americans took jobs that were previously denied them. President Wilson set up the War Industries Board to oversee war production. The government had to fill huge orders for the military. Businesses needed workers to fill the spots left by soldiers.

13. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Americans were able to increase production and meet the new demands of the wartime economy.

14. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The government worked to raise support for the war. appeals by movie stars to buy Liberty Bonds and Savings Stamps patriotic speeches in public places pro-war posters

15. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The government also took stern measures to suppress criticism of the war. The Espionage Act (1917) and the Sedition Act (1918) made it illegal to criticize the government. People such as labor leader Eugene Debs were jailed for speaking out against the war effort. The American Protective League opened people’s mail, tapped phones, and pried into medical records.

16. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Many German Americans suffered as America became gripped by anti-German hysteria. German Americans were harassed and assaulted. Some schools stopped teaching German. People started referring to sauerkraut as “liberty cabbage” and German measles as “liberty measles.”