1. T HE R ESPIRATORY S YSTEM GCSE PE

2. FIX IT FIVE Read All comments made in your books… If unsure, ask what a ruler is used for!! Respond to task/questions left in books

3. E XAM Q’ S – C ARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM … If an individual had high levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL), which of the following should he/she avoid in order to improve his/her health? Foods high in saturated fats (e.g. butter/crisps) Which one of the following statements correctly defines the term cardiac output? Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume

4. E XAM Q’ S – C ARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM …

5. The following statements are effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system. State whether the effect is immediate or long term. (3 marks) Immediate or long term? Increased heart rate ……………Immediate……………. Increased cardiac output ……………Immediate……………. Increased maximum cardiac output ……………Long term……………

6. L EARNING O BJECTIVES … To identify the function of the respiratory system To understand key terms related to the respiratory system To analyse short and long term effects of exercise on the respiratory system

7. T HE AIR THAT WE BREATHE … The respiratory system is everything that we use to breathe! TRACHEA BRONCHI BRONCHIOLES ALVEOLI

8. T HE R ESPIRATORY S YSTEM … TRACHEA – Air passes through the nose or mouth and then onto the trachea BRONCHI – The trachea splits into two tubes called bronchi, one going to each lung BRONCHIOLES – The bronchi split into progressively smaller tubes called bronchioles ALVEOLI – The bronchioles finally end at small bags called the alveoli where the gas exchange takes place The area inside the chest containing the lungs and heart is called the chest cavity

9. G ASEOUS E XCHANGE … Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the alveoli There are millions of alveoli in your lungs, this is where gaseous exchange happens The blood collects carbon dioxide as it travels around the body, and takes it to the heart, where it is pumped to the lungs Carbon dioxide moves from your blood into the alveoli Oxygen from the air moves from the alveoli to the red blood cells Blood returns to the heart, where it is pumped to the body Red blood cells then carry oxygen around the body Can you construct a paragraph explaining Gaseous Exvchange?

10. V ITAL C APACITY … When you’re breathing normally, you only breathe a small amount of air in and out You can improve your vital capacity by exercising Vital Capacity – the most air you can breathe in or out

11. P RACTICAL … Throughout the practical, note the following… How did the body prepare itself for exercise? What are the short term effects? What can you see happening?

12. E FFECTS OF EXERCISE … Your respiratory system provides extra oxygen you need when you exercise Short Term Effects Of Exercise… You breathe more quickly You take a larger volume of air per breath If you do anaerobic activity, you will build up lactic acid The amount of oxygen you need to get rid of this lactic acid is call an ‘oxygen debt’ – this has to be repaid once you stop exercising That’s why you carry on breathing more heavily for a while after you’ve finished vigorous exercise Oxygen Debt is the amount of oxygen you need to consume while recovering from exercise above the normal amount needed at rest

13. O XYGEN D EBT A NTICIPATORY RISE The increase of both breathing and heart rate due to imminent exercise and anticipatory signals from the brain. Increases blood flow and dilates blood vessels

14. L ESSON T WO … Effects on the respiratory system… S TARTER A CTIVITY … Complete the bingo questions you have been given You may use your class notes to help you…

15. E FFECTS OF EXERCISE … Now we have learnt about the respiratory system, we need to know about the short and long term effects of exercise Short term effects happen almost immediately when you exercise Long term effects occur as a result of leading a prolonged healthy, active lifestyle

16. S HORT TERM EFFECTS … Breathing rate increases You breathe more deeply, meaning you take in more air with each breath If you are doing anaerobic activity (sprinting), your muscles will build up lactic acid The amount of oxygen you need to get rid of this lactic acid is called an 'oxygen debt' – it has to be repaid once you stop exercising – this is why you breathe more heavily for a while after you've finished vigorous exercise Oxygen debt is the amount of oxygen you need to consume while recovering from exercise above the normal amount needed at rest

17. T ASK Describe the graph in as few words as possible… words as possible… Your explanation must include the words/phrases.. Describe the graph in as few words as possible… words as possible… Your explanation must include the words/phrases.. Lactic Acid Anticipatory rise Oxygen debt Waste products Fitness levels Recovery time Anaerobic

18. L ONG TERM EFFECTS … The muscles around your chest cavity get stronger, so they can make your chest cavity larger Having a large chest cavity means you can breathe in more air – so your vital capacity increases The larger your lung capacity, the more oxygen you can get into your lungs and enter your blood stream per breath This means you have better oxygen supply to the body, which means you should be able to exercise for longer

19. E FFECTS OF SMOKING … Smoking has a very bad effect on the respiratory system It can lead to lots of different lung diseases like cancer, bronchitis and emphysema Cigarette smoke contains tar, which clogs up the and makes it harder for gas exchange to take place. Eventually the will collapse and stop working. Even if the tar is removed, and the alveoli are repaired, they'll never be as efficient as they were Cigarette smoke contains an addictive drug called nicotine. Nicotine causes the blood vessels in the lungs to tighten, which slows blood flow in the lungs and makes gas exchange less efficient. ?

20. M Y PE E XAM … http://mypeexam.org/lessons/respiratory-system- adaptations/ Watch the above video about the effects of exercise on the respiratory system Complete my pe exam quizzes on the respiratory system