1. Prioritising interventions using EXTRAPOLATE The Livestock and Fish Dairy Value Chain in Tanzania Overview Entry Points Workshop for the Tanzania Dairy Value Chain Sea Cliff Resort and Spa, Zanzibar 4-6 March 2014 Timothy Robinson and Peter Thorne

2. The Clicker!

3. Pencil is to paper as paint brush is to.. A.Palette B.Painting C.Paint D.Canvas

4. How would you describe yourself? A.A veterinarian B.A livestock scientist C.An economist D.Something else

5. In which country do you work? A.Tanzania B.Uganda C.Kenya D.Ethiopia E.Elsewhere

6. Policy analysis Analyse the effects of existing policies on different groups of producers and consumers Predict the impact of changing institutional and market environments on existing policy outcomes Predict the impact of policy changes on different groups of livestock producers and consumers

7. The challenge To ensure that smallholders’ constraints are addressed policies based on equity, rather than just on profitability To ensure that marginalized groups are represented addressing the needs of the informal sector

8. We are trying to understand how we get from an intervention of some sort (e.g. policy, institutional, technical) to an impact on the livelihoods of stakeholders. To do this we break the pathway of impact down: Intervention Constraints Outcomes Stakeholder What are we trying to address?

9. Designed for policy interventions (PPLPI) but equally applicable to technical and systems interventions Simple PC-based programme Promotes a participatory approach Easy to use, well documented User Guide Reference Manual Not data-intensive Simple graphic output Can evaluate different combinations of policies Can be used at a range of levels EXTRAPOLATE

11. Elements Stakeholders Outcomes Constraints Entry Points (interventions) Linkages Impact (-5 to +5) outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods constraints on outcomes Entry points on constraints Relevance (0 to 9) Relevance of constraints to stakeholders Relevance of entry points to outcomes EXTRAPOLATE: Elements and links

12. EXTRAPOLATE: Current situation

13. c2 c3 c1 s1 s2 s3 Score: 1 to 9 8 0 5 o2 o3 o1 s1 s2 s3 c2 c3 c1 o1 o2 o3 EXTRAPOLATE: Current situation Score: -5 to +5

14. EXTRAPOLATE: Interventions

15. e2 e3 e1 o1 o2 o3 Score: 1 to 9 0 9 1 Score: -5 to +5 e2 e3 e1 c1 c2 c3 EXTRAPOLATE: Interventions

16. Interventions People’s livelihoods EXTRAPOLATE

17. Dairy development policy: Uganda Promote genetic improvement Strengthen delivery of veterinary services Provide appropriate extension services Improved market infrastructure and information Ensure quality control along the chain Increase local consumption to build a strong domestic market Promote efficiency in the input supply system Increased access to credit facilities Proposed components of policy:

18. EXTRAPOLATE – analysis tools Small-medium producers Pastoralists and agro-pastoralists Small processors & traders Poor consumers Wealthy producers/processors/consumers

19. Promote genetic improvement Small-medium producers Pastoralists and agro-pastoralists

20. Enforce quality control Small-medium producers Pastoralists and agro-pastoralists

21. Optimal combination of policies

22. Key elements of a pro-poor policy Promote genetic improvement Strengthen delivery of veterinary services Provide appropriate extension services Improved market infrastructure and information Ensure quality control along the chain Increase local consumption to build a strong domestic market Promote efficiency in the input supply system Increased access to credit facilities

23. Key elements of a pro-poor policy This does NOT mean that genetic improvement and standards/regulation should be discouraged or dropped from the policy document Rather that when these broad policy outcomes are disaggregated into their component parts (laws, strategies, institutions etc.) care needs to be taken to ensure that the poorer producers are not disadvantaged, and that their needs are also addressed

24. The process Define stakeholders Assign livelihoods (clicker) List constraints Identify outcomes Impact of outcomes on stakeholder livelihoods (clicker) Impact of constraints on outcomes (clicker) Relevance of constraints to stakeholders (clicker) Identify entry points / policy interventions Impact of interventions on constraints (clicker) Relevance of interventions to outcomes (clicker)

25. Which policy element needs care? A.Ensure quality control along the value chain B.Provide appropriate extension services C.Increased access to credit facilities D.Improved market infrastructure

26. Asante