1. Drafting a Constitution

2. Constitutional Convention Philadelphia, PA – May 1787 Philadelphia, PA – May 1787 12 states; 55 men-- only RI was absent 12 states; 55 men-- only RI was absent Top secret proceedings Top secret proceedings Didn’t fix the Articles, but create a NEW government Didn’t fix the Articles, but create a NEW government Key figures – Franklin, Washington, Hamilton Key figures – Franklin, Washington, Hamilton

3. Issues Increase national gov. while preserving states rights Increase national gov. while preserving states rights Fair representation of large and small states Fair representation of large and small states Role of slaves and slave trade Role of slaves and slave trade

4. Issues- Representation Two plans emerge: Virginia Plan & New Jersey Plan Two plans emerge: Virginia Plan & New Jersey Plan Compromise is a MUST!!! Compromise is a MUST!!!

5. Virginia Plan 2-house legislature (bicameral) based upon state population 2-house legislature (bicameral) based upon state population This gave the 4 biggest states the most power This gave the 4 biggest states the most power

6. NJ Plan Single house of Congress (unicameral) with each state having = votes Single house of Congress (unicameral) with each state having = votes This gives power to the 7 smallest states who only make up 25% of the pop. This gives power to the 7 smallest states who only make up 25% of the pop.

7. Great Compromise/Conn. Plan Bicameral (2 house) legislature Bicameral (2 house) legislature Senate – each state would have = representation Senate – each state would have = representation House of Reps – representation based upon population House of Reps – representation based upon population

8. What is Population? Slaves become an issues Slaves become an issues Can they be counted? Can they be counted? 3/5 th s Compromise 3/5 th s Compromise 3/5 of the slave populations would be counted 3/5 of the slave populations would be counted Slave trade would end in 1807 Slave trade would end in 1807

9. Electoral College General public was not educated enough to make the decision General public was not educated enough to make the decision Electors equaling the number of senators and reps. would vote for the president Electors equaling the number of senators and reps. would vote for the president

10. Electoral College Another compromise: more electors from larger states; BUT, in case of a tie, vote goes to HoR, where each state gets 1 vote (benefits smaller states) Another compromise: more electors from larger states; BUT, in case of a tie, vote goes to HoR, where each state gets 1 vote (benefits smaller states)

11. The New Government Power was divided between federal & state governments Power was divided between federal & state governments Federal would always supercede state power Federal would always supercede state power

12. Federal Affairs The federal government could regulate: The federal government could regulate: DefenseTrade Foreign affairsMoney Federal Taxes

13. State Affairs The state governments could regulate: The state governments could regulate: Education Education Intrastate trade Intrastate trade State taxes State taxes

14. Principles of Government Checks and Balances Checks and Balances Separation of Powers Separation of Powers Limited authority Limited authority Federalism Federalism

15. Ratifying the Constitution 9 of thirteen states need to start following; all to ratify 9 of thirteen states need to start following; all to ratify Constitution was officially ratified on May 29, 1790 (RI was last) Constitution was officially ratified on May 29, 1790 (RI was last)