1. Urine analysis By Ahmed M. S. Al Afifi (M. Sc. of Microbiology) 2009

3. Physical examination of urine 1- Color or urine

4. Pale yellow, Yellow, and Dark yellow color

5. Dark yellow sample

6. Bloody urine sample

7. Smoky urine

8. Orange urine

9. 2- Aspect of urine

10. Clear

11. Turbid

12. Hazy

13. Specific gravity S.G by stripS.G by urinometer

14. Chemical analysis of urine

16. Detection of protein in urine by SSA Negative Positive

17. Detection of bilirubin in urine

18. Centrifugation of urine

19. Reading the sediment under microscope

20. RBCs in urine

21. WBCs in urine LPF HPF

22. WBCs in clumps

23. epithelial cells

24. Crystals in urine

25. Calcium oxalate

26. Triple phosphate

27. uric acid crystal

28. amonium biurate

29. Amorphous urate

30. Amorphous phosphate

31. Tyrosine crystal

32. Cholestrol crystal

33. Leucine crystal

34. Bilirubine crystal

35. Hemosiderines and hemosiderines containing cast

36. Calcium phosphates

37. Calcium carbonates

38. Calcium sulfates

39. Ampicillin crystals

40. cystine

41. Types of casts in urine

42. Hyaline cast

43. RBCs cast

44. Granular cast

45. WBCs cast

46. Bilirubin cast

47. Waxy cast

48. Fatty casts

49. Cellular casts

50. Others

51. Budding yeast

52. Bacteria in urine

53. Sperms in urine

54. Contaminated urine sample Stool material in urine sample

55. Parasites in urine sample E. histolytica Trichomonas vaginales Schestosoma hematopium

56. Artifacts in urine

57. Cloth Fibers Glove Powder Hair/fibers Air Bubbles Lipid DropletsPollen grains

58. نشكر لكم حسن استماعكم