1. Chapter 13 Section 1

2.  Charlemagne  Papal States  Baron

3.  5 th Century Germanic tribes overrun the Romans  Disruption of trade  Merchants face invasions, business collapses  Downfall of cities  Cities abandoned as centers of administration

4.  Population shifts  Nobles retreat to rural areas  City dwellers flee to countryside  Grew their own food  Western Europe becomes rural

5. Germanic invaders could not read or write Learning declined as families moved to the country Priests and church officials were literate Few could read Greek works Germans no written language

6. Germanic speaking mixed with Romans Latin changed Different dialects developed with new words and phrases 800’s, French, Spanish, and other roman based languages evolved from Latin

7.  400-600 small Germanic kingdoms emerge  Concept of Government Changes  Family ties personal loyalty replace citizenship in a public state  Lived in small communities  Unwritten rules

8.  Monasteries is a religious community  Men called monks devote lives to God  Women called nuns went to convents  520 Benedict Italian monk wrote strict rules

9.  Scholastica (Benedicts sister) headed a convent under the same rules  Monasteries best educated communities  600-700’s Monks made beautiful copies of religious writings  Preserved Rome’s heritage

10.  Used church revenues to raise armies, repair roads, help the poor  Negotiate peace treaty with the Lombard's  Italy to England, Spain to Germany his responsibility  Churchly kingdom ruled by a pope (Middle Ages)

11.  700 major domo or mayor of the palace most powerful person  Charge of royal household and estates  719 Charles Martel  732 defeats Muslims in the Battle of Tours

12.  Became a Christian hero  Gave power to his son Pepin III  Pippin III worked with the Pope  Pippin fought Lombard's at church request  Carolingian Dynasty rules Franks 751-987

13.  Ruled kingdom 6’4” tall  Built empire greater than ancient Rome  Fought Muslims in Spain  Reunited western Europe  Spread Christianity through conquered lands

14.  800 Charlemagne’s empire larger than Byzantine Empire  800 traveled to Rome and put down a mob  Pope Leo II confers title of “Roman Emperor”  Joining of Germanic power and the church

15.  Limited power of nobles  Appointed counts to rule parts of the empire in his name  Bound by oath to obey  Granted large blocks of land and considerable authority  Had to answer to Charlemagne

16.  To keep tabs on his counts  Charlemagne sent inspectors out to visit the counts  If the counts did a good job they were rewarded  Counts punished if they do a bad job

17.  Politics- unites Europe for the first time since the fall of Rome  Education-built schools and preserved ancient writings  Religion-spread Christianity among conquered people  Law- Developed a written legal code

18.  Opened a palace school  Ordered monasteries to train monks and future priests  Louis the Pious emperor  ineffective ruler  Had three sons  843 Treaty of Verdun divided the kingdom into 3 parts