1. Important Equations Magnitude of the Magnetic Force on a Moving Charged Particle (q) F = qvB sinθ Directional right-hand force rule for moving charges: - when the fingers of the right hand are pointed in the direction of v and then curled, the extended thumb points in the direction of the force F on a positive charge. (F is in the opposite direction for a negative charge.)

2. Magnitude of the Magnetic Field near a Long, Straight, Current-Carrying Wire: B = μ 0 I/2πd (where μ 0 = 4π x 10 -7 T.m/A, called the magnetic permeability of free space) Directional right-hand source rule: - when a current carrying wire is grasped with the right hand, the extended thumb pointing in the direction of the current, the curled fingers indicate the directional sense of the magnetic field.

3. Magnitude of the Magnetic Field at the Center of a Circular Loop of Current- Carrying Wire: B = μ 0 I/2r Magnitude of the Magnetic Field at the Center of a Solenoid (along the axis): B = μ 0 NI/L or B = μ 0 nL (where n = N/L) Magnitude of Force on a Straight, Current- Carrying Wire: F = ILB sinθ

4. Directional right-hand force rule for a current-carrying wire: - when the fingers of the right hand are pointed in the direction of the conventional current I and then curled toward the B vector, the extended thumb points in the direction of the force on the wire. Magnitude of Torque on a Single Current- Carrying Loop: τ = IAB sinθ (where IA is called the magnetic moment, m, of the loop: m = IA)

5. Magnitude of Torque on a Current- Carrying Coil (of N Loops): τ = NIAB sinθ