1. Section 1 The Clash of Values

2. Nativism Resurges 1920s opened with an economic recession, influx of immigrants, and racial and cultural tensions Prejudice against many Germans and Communists Eventually prejudice towards all immigrants During WWI immigration to the U.S. dropped dramatically 1921 immigration returned Many Americans saw immigrants as a threat to stability and order Also a threat to the military men and women trying to find jobs

3. The Sacco-Vanzettie Case 2 employees were shot and killed at the Slater & Morrill Shoe Company in South Braintree, Massachusetts 2 men robbed the company of $15,000 Nicola Sacco, a shoemaker, and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, a fish peddler were accused Anarchists- people who oppose all forms of government Sacco owned a gun similar to the murder weapon and the bullets matched Not sure if they were guilty but people jumped to that conclusion

4. Cont. People believed they were guilty because they were Italian immigrants Others viewed the case as an example of prejudice against immigrants July 14, 1921 jury found men guilty and judge sentenced them to death Numerous appeals were filed for a new trial but all were denied April 23, 1927 commission studied verdict and upheld the decision August 23, 1927 2 men were executed

6. Return of the Ku Klux Klan KKK was at the forefront of movement restricting immigration Old Klan Flourished in South after Civil War Used threats and violence to intimidate African Americans New Klan Targeted Catholics, Jews, immigrants Other groups believed to represent “un-American” values William J. Simmons founded the new KKK in Atlanta, GA Fighting for “Americanism”

7. Cont. New Klan got off to a slow start with few members by 1920 Simmons hired Edward Young Clarke and Elizabeth Tyler as recruiters Paid them $8 for every $10 initiation fee for a new Klan recruit Paid more than 1,000 sales-people to promote the Klan KKK exploded to 4 million by 1924 and it spread into Northern cities, not just Southern Klan declined in late 1920s due to scandals, power struggles, and reduction in immigration due to immigration laws Klan never had major impact again

9. Emergency Quota Act Emergency Quota Act- established a temporary quota system limiting immigration Signed by President Harding in 1921 3% of the total number of people in any ethnic group already living in the United States could be admitted in a single year Ex. If there were 100 Italians in the United States then only 3 Italians could come to the United States that given year Restricted number of immigrants from all countries and discriminated heavily

11. Hispanic Immigration to U.S. First wave of Mexican immigration to the U.S. followed the passage of the Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902, which provided funds for irrigation projects in the Southwest Factory farms soon dominated the land and a need for laborers arose 1914, 70,000 Mexican immigrants poured in Between 1914-1920, 600,000 poured in National Origins Act of 1924 exempted natives of the Western Hemisphere from the quota system Demand for cheap farm labor increased and so did Mexican immigrants crossing the border

12. Boston Police Strike & Steel Mill Strike Read this section

13. Women in 1920s Women’s fashion changed in the 1920s “Bobbed” hair, flesh-colored silk stockings, and admired youthful look of movie stars Flapper- a young, dramatic, and stylish woman Women smoked cigarettes, drank prohibited liquor, and dressed in attire considered too revealing Women began entering the workforce as salesclerks, secretaries, or telephone operators Few made contributions in science, medicine, law, or literature

15. Fundamentalist Beliefs Believed the Bible was literally true and without error Rejected Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution Evolution- human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of years Believed in creationism Creationism- belief that God created the world as described in the Bible Billy Sunday and Aimee Semple McPherson were 2 popular preachers Sunday, former baseball player, drew large crowds for his sermons McPherson used theatrical style with stage sets and costumes to express her sermons