2.  Culture  Culture trait  Culture hearths  Culture region  Material culture  Non-material culture  Cultural diffusion  Cultural landscape  Acculturation  Assimilation  Sequent occupance

3.  Way of life defined by values, beliefs, behaviors, and material objects  Material culture: things we take care of  Non-Material: things we believe in

5.  Relocation diffusion  Expansion diffusion  Contagious; Hierarchical; Stimulus  Acculturation  A dominant culture imposing traits on a weaker culture (may adopt traits from weaker culture)  Transculturation  Cultural contact/exchange on near equal basis

6. http://www.harpercollege.edu/mhealy/g101ilec/china/chh/hea/chhheafr.htm  Describe the location of each culture hearth on the map.

7. Primary Culture Hearths of the World: Fertile Crescent (8000 BCE) India (7000 BCE) Huang Ho (5000 BCE) West Africa (2000 BCE) Mesoamerica & S. America (8000-3000 BCE)

8. Columbian Exchange: DEFINITION the radical diffusion of: - people - animals - ideas * plants & food crops * pathogens

9. Columbian Exchange: DEMOGRAPHICS New World: disaster - smallpox, measles, influenza, etc. - 90% mortality - 100 million dead - adult losses = esp. devastating

10. Columbian Exchange: DEMOGRAPHICS Old World: boon - new crops = population explosion - growth of 475 million! - European pol & econ expansion  WORLD HEGEMONY Major Acculturation

11.  Corn (maize) Wild rice Beans (navy, cranberry, black, kidney, lima) Peanuts White potatoes Sweet potatoes Pumpkins Winter squash Blueberries, Cranberries Strawberries* Cherries*  Grapes* Raspberries* blackberries Black walnuts Pecans Turkey Chilies Chocolate (Mexico) Vanilla (Mexico) Maple Sugar Honey*  * certain varieties of these items also are indigenous to the Old World

12.  wheat  Oats  Rice (from Asia)  grapes  olives  Bananas  Coffee  Citrus fruit  Grapes (wine)  Horse  cows  pigs  chickens  sheep  goats  ox Smallpox Influenza Measles Typhus Malaria Whooping Cough

13.  In your notes:  Write 5 sentences explaining the Columbian Exchange. Use the following terms: ▪ Acculturation ▪ Transculturation ▪ Cultural traits ▪ Cultural diffusion ▪ Material and Non-material culture  Share these 5 sentences with a partner, compare what you wrote