1. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi KEY CONCEPT Fungi are saprobes (decomposers)

2. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Plants and Fungi have similar and dissimilar traits Plants: photosynthesis; true roots, stems, and leaves; cell walls with cellulose Plants and Fungi: non-moving, produce spores Fungi: absorb food with hyphae; cell walls with chitin

3. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Fungi are multicellular organisms, with the exception of yeasts. – hyphae – mycellium – fruiting body

4. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Sac Fungi (Ascomycota) Examples –Yeasts are single-celled. –Morels and truffles are multicellular. Form a reproductive sac, called an ascus.

5. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Bread mold Zygomycota ("Conjugation Fungi") –Molds that are often found on spoiled food including: bread, cheese and meat. –Mycorrhizae belong to this group –Form zygospores during reproduction

6. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Club fungi (Basidiomycota). – include mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi –reproductive structures called basidia

7. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Imperfect Fungi (Deuteromycota) Group of fungi that produces asexually but sexual form is unknown Examples: leaf spot fungus, Penicillium, Aspergillus

8. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Fungi reproduce sexually and asexually. Most fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually. –Yeasts reproduce asexually through budding. –Yeasts form asci during sexual reproduction.

9. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Multicellular fungi have complex reproductive cycles. – distinctive reproductive structures –Basidiomycota have basidia –Zygomycota have zygospores –Ascomycota have asci

10. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Alternation of Generations- part of reproductive cycle is asexual, part is sexual.

11. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi All fungi form spores and zygotes.

12. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Fungi have + and – hyphae instead of male and female.

13. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi KEY CONCEPT Fungi recycle nutrients in the environment.

14. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Fungi and bacteria are the main decomposers in any ecosystem. –decompose dead leaves, twigs, logs, and animals –return nutrients (carbon, nitrogen and minerals) to the soil –absorb food quickly and recycle nutrients quickly

15. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Fungi as pathogens A few fungi always cause disease Some are normally harmless, but can grow out of control under right conditions Yeast can overgrow in presence of antibiotic

16. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Human Diseases Yeast infections from antibiotic use Ringworm Athlete’s foot

17. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Plant Diseases –Dutch elm disease –Peach scab –Gray mold Elm bark beetle Gray mold Dutch elm disease

18. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Mutualistic Fungi –Symbiotic relationship with another organism –Both organisms benefit

19. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Lichens Fungi and algae –Fungi protect the algae –Algae performs photosynthesis

20. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Mycorrhizae –Fungi and plant roots -Fungi absorb nutrients and water -Plant provides glucose from photosynthesis Cross Section of root →

21. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Fungi and some insects form symbiotic relationships Leaf cutter ants build piles of leaves and add fungus. Fungus breaks down leaves and ants eat the mycelium!

22. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Fungi are studied for many purposes. Fungi are useful in several ways. –as food – as antibiotics – as model systems for molecular biology (eukaryote cells) Penicillum

23. 19.5 Diversity of Fungi Characteristics of FungiCharacteristics of Protists Eukaryotic Most multicellular Reproduce by spores More like zygotic L.C. Most nonmotile(nonmobile) Except chytrids (flagellated) No Chlorophyll not photosynthetic Heterotrophs Absorptive filaments -- hyphae (pl) Stores glycogen Similar to animals Cell wall chitin (polysacchride) Eukaryotic Unicellular, colonial, multicellular Reproduce by : (Gametic & alternation of generation) Some are Motile & some are Nonmotile No Chlorophyll ( Except in some green algae….use pigments) Storage: Diatoms ---Store lipids Brown Algae ---- Starch Red Algae---Storage is starch Cell wall : Diatoms--- silica Brown algae—algin Red algae-- Cellulose