2.  Market is the whole of any region in which buyers and sellers are brought into contact with one another and by means of which the prices of goods tend to be equalised easily and quickly.

3. MARKET COMMODITY MARKETS PRODUCE MARKET MANUFACTURED GOODS MARKET BULLION MARKET CAPITAL MARKETS MONEY MARKETSHARE MARKET FOREIGN MARKET

4.  OLD OR TRADITIONAL APPROACH TO MARKETING  NEW OR MODERN APPROACH TO MARKETING FOCUS PRODUCT MEANS SELLING AND PROMOTING ENDS PROFIT MAXIMISATION THROUGH SALES VOLUME FOCUS CUSTOMER NEEDS MEANS INTEGRATED MARKETING ENDS MAXIMISATION OF PROFITS THROUGH SATISFACTION

5. “ Marketing includes all activities involved in the creation of place, time and possession utilities. Place utility is created when goods and services are available at the places they are needed; time utility when they are needed; and possession utility when they are transferred to those who need them.’

6.  COMMODITY APPROACH  INSTITUTIONAL APPROACH  FUNCTIONAL APPROACH  MANAGERIAL APPROACH  SOCIETAL APPROACH  SYSTEMS APPROACH  MARKETING AND SELLING  MARKETING MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING

7. SOCIETAL MARKETING CONCEPTS META- MARKETINGDEMARKETINGMACRO MARKETING

8. MICRO ENVIRONMENTCUSTOMERSCOMPETITORSINTERMEDIARIESSUPPLIERSPRESSURE GROUPSGOVERNMENT

9. MACRO ENVIRONMENT ECONOMICSOCIAL & CULTURALPOLITICALDEMOGRAPHICTECHNOLOGICAL