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Cold War & The New Red Scare SS.A.3.4.9; SS.A3.4.10
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Communism In Asia ► 1949: Mao Zedong wins Chinese Revolution China turns to Communism Chinese Nationalists flee to exile in Taiwan ► Japan now seen as best chance to defend against Communism in Asia U.S. sets Japan on path to fast economic recovery ► After the war U.S. & U.S.S.R. split Korea Soviets est. Communist government in North U.S. est. democratic/capitalist gov. in South ► 1950: North Korea invades the South Truman sees invasion as test of “containment”
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The Korean War ► N. Koreans push U.S. & S. Korean forces to small pocket of land near Pusan ► Gen. MacArthur invades Korea, pushes N.K. troops to Chinese border with UN help ► China enters the war to help the North MacArthur wants to declare war on China, team with Nationalists, and use atomic bombs on China ► Truman refuses, Mac criticizes Truman, Truman fires Mac ► Truman believes in “limited war”
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War Ends ► 1951: Dwight D. Eisenhower is president Travels to Korea, wants war over Hints of using atomic bomb on China ► China says it wants peace ► Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) ► SEATO Alliance in 1954 ► Policy of containment shifts from political pressure to military buildup strategy
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The New Red Scare ► Fear of Communist subversion ► Truman’s loyalty review program ► J. Edgar Hoover & House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) hearings Hollywood, Whittaker Chambers & Alger Hiss, The Rosenbergs, Project Venona ► The Red Scare spreads Fear of Communism grows through the 1950s
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McCarthyism ► Sen. Joseph McCarthy raises tension “205 names” of Communists ► Sec. of State Acheson & Gen. George C. Marshall ► The McCarran Act Truman’s veto overridden, many provisions weakened by Supreme Court rulings ► McCarthy’s anti-Communist hearings Joseph Welch McCarthy is censured by the Senate
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Life During the Early Cold War ► Fearing the bomb & fallout ► Anti-Communism in the media Cold War themes & propaganda John Hersey’s Hiroshima I Was a Communist for the FBI The Crucible Comic Books & Cartoons
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