1. 5 th Year Biology Moyle Park College 12/11/13 Introduction to the Human Breathing System

2. By the end of this we should be able to: Draw a diagram demonstrating the Macrostructure of the Respiratory system Identify all the key structures of the Breathing system on an unlabelled diagram Explain the Function of each part of the Breathing System Describe the unique structure of the Alveolus which make them adapted to gas exchange

3. Our Amazing Lungs

4. Team work Work together in groups of two and draw a diagram of the Human Breathing system labelling as many Key structures as you can!

6. The Structures we need to know

7. Key Structures: Trachea: Passes air into the lungs, consists of muscle and elastic fibres Epiglottis: Closes off the Trachea, food and other objects entering the airways Larynx: muscle sheet which vibrates causing sound Bronchiole: Takes from air from Bronchus to alveoli Alveolus: Gas exchange occurs here

8. Key Structures Diaphragm: sheet of muscle down and up for inhaling and exhaling Bronchus: Trachea splits into the Bronchus, one enters each Lung Rings of Cartilage: Keep the airways open and prevents the Trachea from closing in on itself. Intercostal muscle: Move the rib cage up and down

9.  Your lungs are enclosed (along with the heart) between the ribs and the diaphragm [the thorax]  The ribs form a protective cage of twelve pairs of bones.

11. The Alveolus O 2 Diffuses into the Alveolus (Alveoli) and CO 2 Diffuses out of the Alveolus What structures do You think the Alveolus would need to carry out this complex gas exchange process???

12. Breathing System- Class 2 5 th Year Biology 19/11/13

13. What we should be able to do after today’s class……… Describe the unique structure of the Alveoli which make them adapted to gas exchange Discuss the role of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles in inhalation Discuss the role of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles in exhalation Describe a breathing disorder associated with the lungs/breathing system

14. Alveoli are adapted to carry out gas exchange 1.Large surface areas of Alveoli (approx. the size of half a tennis court!) 2.Thin walls of alveoli (usually only one cell thick) 3.Alveoli are covered with a network of Capillaries 4.Alveoli are numerous (over 700 million! alveoli in the lungs).

15.  Air enters the nose, travels down the windpipe, the bronchus and the bronchioles, to the alveoli.  Each alveolus is covered in a net of thin-walled blood capillaries.  The lining of an alveolus is only one cell thick

16.  Oxygen diffuses through the alveolus and capillary linings, and attaches to red blood cells. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration  At the same time, carbon dioxide diffuses from the plasma into the alveolus.

17. The structure of the thorax 6. 5. 10. 9. 8. 1. 4. 3. 7.

18. Lets Recap What did we learn about the Breathing system in our last class?? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUzDbX 3NTkM&oref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yout ube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DcUzDbX3NT kM&has_verified=1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUzDbX 3NTkM&oref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yout ube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DcUzDbX3NT kM&has_verified=1

19. Human Breathing System A Named Breathing Disorder 26/11/13

20. What we should be able to do after today’s class…… Describe in detail a named breathing disorder explaining its biological cause Outline in a scientific manner the effect of exercise on breathing. Discuss the role of the brain in controlling breathing as an involuntary response.

21. Breathing disorders/diseases What breathing disorder/ disease did you research as your homework??? What is the biological cause? What are the symptoms? What treatments are currently available? What is the prognosis of your named disorder/disease?

22. Role of Diaphragm & Intercostal muscles Inhalation Diaphragm contracts & moves down Intercostal muscles contract and rib cage moves up The volume of the Thoracic cavity is increased The air pressure decreases and air is drawn in to equalise pressure.

23. Role of Diaphragm & Intercostal muscles Exhalation Diaphragm relaxes and moves up Intercostal muscles relax and rib cage moves down The volume of the Thoracic cavity is decreased The air pressure increases and air is expelled to equalise pressure

24. Inhalation V Exhalation

25. Breathing Disorders Can you name any breathing disorders?? What causes the disorder? What are the symptoms? What treatment is available currently?

26. Homework Assignment In preparation for next week’s class you must complete the following: Do some independent research where you research any breathing disorder/ disease associated with the lungs Name the breathing disorder/disease Give a scientific explanation of its cause Description of the disease i.e. symptoms and effects, those most at risk etc. Available treatments and mortality rates Must be at least two A4 pages long, and should include images List two sources where you found your information Hand up in next week’s class on A4 paper Make a Good effort!!

27. Asthma- A Breathing Disorder Asthma is the narrowing of bronchioles usually due to irritants or allergic response to allergens Biological Cause: Can be caused genetically, by infection, by smoking or by allergic response. Prevention: Use preventative inhalers containing bronchodilators or avoid allergens

28. Asthma Treatment: again is through the use of bronchodilators, exercise such as swimming has be found to have a positive effect in reducing the chance of developing asthma

29. Effect of Smoking on the Lungs

30. Effects of Smoking 40% of men who are heavy smokers will die before they reach retirement age, compared to 18% of non-smokers Women who smoke face increased risk of cervical cancer. Ten years after you quit, your body has repaired most of the damage smoking has caused.

31. Effect of Smoking http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A75Ytjv dYNwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A75Ytjv dYNw More deaths each year in the US are caused by tobacco use than by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), illegal drug use, alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries, suicides and murders combined.

32. Effect of Exercise on Breathing How do you think exercise affects our breathing??? Work together to explain in a “Scientific” way what is happens our breathing when we exercise

33. Control of the Human Breathing System by CO 2 levels An increase in CO 2 in the blood leads to increased levels of carbonic acid and this leads to a decrease in blood pH This is detected by the brain (medulla oblongata) causing the breathing rate to increase i.e. during exercise CO 2 levels then decrease as do carbonic acid levels causing pH & breathing rate to return to normal

34. Medulla Oblongata Controls involuntary responses such as breathing, heart beat regulation and digestion.

35. Our Brain controls our Breathing