1. Anaerobic Energy Systems By Caitie, Corinne and Emma

2. Anaerobic Energy Systems The production of energy with the absence of oxygen ATP-PC- Immediate energy- 8-10 seconds ATP-PC- Immediate energy- 8-10 seconds Lactic acid system- peaks at 15 seconds continues for up to 2 mins Longer build up Lactic acid system- peaks at 15 seconds continues for up to 2 mins Longer build up Glycogen being broken down- Glycolysis

3. ATP-PC system The system consists of both ATP and Creatine Phosphate (PC) The system consists of both ATP and Creatine Phosphate (PC) Used in high intensity and short duration exercise. Eg. 100m sprint, cycling sprints Used in high intensity and short duration exercise. Eg. 100m sprint, cycling sprints Provides up to 10 seconds of energy for maximal output Provides up to 10 seconds of energy for maximal output Once ATP has been used it forms ADP, until Phosphate is added with the help of creatine, to once again form ATP Once ATP has been used it forms ADP, until Phosphate is added with the help of creatine, to once again form ATP

4. Definitions Speed- the rate at which an object changes it’s position Speed- the rate at which an object changes it’s position Power- the ability to generate force very rapidly and is calculated as the product of force and velocity (speed) Power- the ability to generate force very rapidly and is calculated as the product of force and velocity (speed)

5. Definitions continued… Work- the force expressed through distance, or a displacement, independent of time. Ie. The product of force and distance. Work- the force expressed through distance, or a displacement, independent of time. Ie. The product of force and distance. Velocity- Distance/time- The rate at which an object changes position whilst incorporating direction. Two types- Linear and Angular Velocity- Distance/time- The rate at which an object changes position whilst incorporating direction. Two types- Linear and Angular

6. Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) After cardiovascular exercise or weight training, the body continues to need oxygen at a higher rate than before the exercise began. This need is known as excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). EPOC describes the several different events that occur as the body restores itself to homeostasis, or rest. After cardiovascular exercise or weight training, the body continues to need oxygen at a higher rate than before the exercise began. This need is known as excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). EPOC describes the several different events that occur as the body restores itself to homeostasis, or rest.

7. Sources of fatigue Energy delivery (ATP-PCr and Anaerobic glycolysis) Energy delivery (ATP-PCr and Anaerobic glycolysis) Accumulation of metabolic by-products, such as lactate and H+ Accumulation of metabolic by-products, such as lactate and H+ Failure of the muscle fibre’s contractile mechanism Failure of the muscle fibre’s contractile mechanism Alterations in the nervous system Alterations in the nervous system

8. Metabolic by product removal Heat- body temperature rises, and an increase in carbohydrate usage. Heat- body temperature rises, and an increase in carbohydrate usage. Lactate- occurs when lactic acid is not properly cleared from muscles, causing an accumulation of hydrogen Ions Lactate- occurs when lactic acid is not properly cleared from muscles, causing an accumulation of hydrogen Ions Hydrogen Ions (H+) causes a decrease in Ph in the blood. (removed by buffers such as bicarbonate) Hydrogen Ions (H+) causes a decrease in Ph in the blood. (removed by buffers such as bicarbonate)

9. Why does blood lactate continue to increase at follow up? As not all the lactate has moved from the muscles to the bloodstream blood lactate levels continue to increase at follow up. E.g Alcohol consumption. As not all the lactate has moved from the muscles to the bloodstream blood lactate levels continue to increase at follow up. E.g Alcohol consumption.

10. What are some gender differences in lactate? In general males will have a lower lactate reading then females. Reasons for this can include lactate dissipating quicker, can tolerate more lactate in their systems and women tend to have a higher fat mass. In general males will have a lower lactate reading then females. Reasons for this can include lactate dissipating quicker, can tolerate more lactate in their systems and women tend to have a higher fat mass.

11. Definitions Peak anaerobic power - represents the highest mechanical power generated during any 3-5 second interval of the test Peak anaerobic power - represents the highest mechanical power generated during any 3-5 second interval of the test Relative anaerobic power – Relative anaerobic power – Anaerobic capacity in the Wingate test is the total amount of work accomplished over a 30- second bout Anaerobic capacity in the Wingate test is the total amount of work accomplished over a 30- second bout Anaerobic fatigue is the percentage decline in power compared with the peak power output. Anaerobic fatigue is the percentage decline in power compared with the peak power output.