1. FungiFungi

2. I. What are fungi? –A. Eukaryotes –B. Heterotrophs –C. Use spores to reproduce –D. Need moist, warm environment –E. Examples: 1. mushrooms 2. molds 3. yeast 4. Penicillium

3. II. Structure –A. Hyphae 1. branching, threadlike tubes 2. can be loose and tangled or tightly packed –B. Mushroom parts 1. cap - protects the spores 2. gills - holds the spores 3. spores - reproductive cells 4. stalk - holds up the cap 5. underground hyphae - takes in food

4. III. Getting food –A. Grow hyphae into a food source –B. Secrete digestive chemicals from the hyphae –C. Absorb the broken down food –D. All fungi feed off other organisms, some alive, some dead.

5. IV. Reproduction –A. Fungi produce spores, which are carried easily by wind or water. –B. The spores are made in a fruiting body. –C. Asexual reproduction 1. A fungus produces spores, all identical to parent. 2. Yeast can do budding, where a small cell grows off the parent cell and breaks off. –D. Sexual reproduction 1. Two fungi grow their hyphae together, then produce spores that are a mix of genes from each parent.

6. V. Fungi and the Living World –A. Decomposers –B. Food 1. yeast helps make bread –a. feeds on sugar in the dough –b. produces CO2 gas, which causes the bread to rise. 2. blue cheese contains mold 3. some mushrooms are edible

7. –C. Cause disease 1. destroy food crops 2. Athlete’s foot attacks our feet 3. Ringworm causes an itchy, circular rash –D. Fight disease 1. Penicillium is a mold that kills bacteria –E. Plant helpers 1. Some fungi grow their hyphae around plant roots 2. This helps the plant grow larger because of the extra water and nutrients the hyphae absorb for the plant.

8. –F. Lichens 1. A fungus and an algae or autotrophic bacteria living in a mutualistic relationship. –a. both species benefit 2. Fungus gets the food produced by the algae or bacteria. 3. Algae gets water and minerals from the fungus.