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1 Macromolecules copyright cmassengale
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2 Organic Compounds CompoundsCARBON organicCompounds that contain CARBON are called organic. Macromoleculesorganic moleculesMacromolecules are large organic molecules. copyright cmassengale
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3 Carbon (C) Carbon4 electronsCarbon has 4 electrons in outer shell. Carboncovalent bonds 4Carbon can form covalent bonds with as many as 4 other atoms (elements). C, H, O or NUsually with C, H, O or N. copyright cmassengale
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4 Macromolecules Large organic molecules that are also POLYMERSLarge organic molecules that are also called POLYMERS. MONOMERS –Made up of smaller “building blocks” called MONOMERS. 4 MAJOR MACROMOLECULES:4 MAJOR MACROMOLECULES: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) copyright cmassengale
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5 Carbohydrates
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6 Carbohydrates Consist of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygenConsist of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen Monomers: simple sugars (monosaccharide)Monomers: simple sugars (monosaccharide) Functions: Immediate source of energy; some forms provide structure (such as cellulose & chitin)Functions: Immediate source of energy; some forms provide structure (such as cellulose & chitin) copyright cmassengale
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7 Carbohydrates Monosaccharide: one sugar Examples:glucose (Examples:glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 )deoxyriboseribosefructosegalactose copyright cmassengale glucose
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8 Carbohydrates Disaccharide: two sugars Examples:Examples: –Sucrose (glucose+fructose) –Lactose (glucose+galactose) fructoseglucose copyright cmassengale
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9 Carbohydrates Polysaccharide: many sugar Examples:starch (bread, potatoes) glycogen (beef muscle) chitin (fungi, insects) cellulose (lettuce, corn) glucoseglucose glucoseglucose glucoseglucose glucoseglucose cellulose
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10 Lipids copyright cmassengale
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11Lipids Consist of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygenConsist of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen Monomers: fatty acids and glycerolMonomers: fatty acids and glycerol Lipids are NOT soluble in water…hydrophobic molecule.Lipids are NOT soluble in water…hydrophobic molecule. copyright cmassengale
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12 Lipids Four functions of lipids: 1.Long term energy storage 2.Protection against heat loss (insulation) 3.Chemical messengers (hormones) 4.Major component of membranes (phospholipids) copyright cmassengale
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13 Proteins copyright cmassengale
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14 Proteins (Polypeptides) Amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds (polypeptides).Monomers: Amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds (polypeptides). Five functions of proteins:Five functions of proteins: 1.Transport: hemoglobin 2.Regulatory:hormones 3.Movement:muscles 4.Structural:membranes, hair, nails 5.Enzymes:cellular reactions copyright cmassengale
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15 Nucleic Acids copyright cmassengale
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16 Nucleic acids Monomers:nucleotides (3 components: sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base)Monomers: nucleotides (3 components: sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base) Two types:Two types: a. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) a. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) stores genetic information in segments called genes b. RNA (Ribonucleic acid) b. RNA (Ribonucleic acid) involved in the protein synthesis process copyright cmassengale
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17 Nucleic acids Nucleotides include:Nucleotides include: phosphate group sugar (5-carbon) nitrogen bases: cytosine (C) guanine (G) adenine (A) thymine (T) DNA only uracil (U) RNA only copyright cmassengale
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