1. The Indian Removal

2. The Indian Removal Act Jackson wanted Native American land for settlement so he passed this act in 1830 This act made Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi move West

4. Congress established an Indian Territory where the Native Americans would now live To help manage the removal, Congress approved the creation a new government agency: The BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS

5. First to move: the Choctaw 7.5 million acres of land acquired because of treaty Had to move to their new territory in the winter- the trip was disastrous- there was limited food and supplies

6. News of the terrible trip caused other Native Americans to resist removal

7. The Creek Resisted Federal troops captured them and moved them to new territory in chains Lost many lives during removal Negotiated for better supplies and travel The Chicksaw

8. Cherokee Resistance Thought they could avoid removal by adopting white culture A Cherokee named Sequoya created an alphabet and writing system

9. Adopting white culture did not protect the Cherokee Gold was discovered on their land and they were told they had to leave

10. The Cherokee refused to move The Georgia militia attacked Cherokee sued the state of Georgia Worchester v. Georgia ruled that the Cherokee nation was a distinct community in which the laws of Georgia had no force

11. Georgia ignores the court ruling President Jackson did not stop Georgia- violating his presidential oath to uphold the laws of the land U.S. troops remove the Cherokee Their 800-mile forced march is known as the TRAIL OF TEARS

12. The Trail of Tears Almost ¼ of the 18,000 Cherokee died on the march

13. EXPANDING WESTWARD

14. Americans Move West What kind of hat is this? What do you think it is made out of? What do you think this has to do with people moving westward?

15. This hat, called a “high hat” (it looks like a top hat) was made of beaver fur This hat was popular is the US and Europe As beaver populations went down, people had to go west for more So, people were drawn westward for $ !

16. Mountain Men John Jacob Astor ran largest fur business His company bought fur from mountain men: western fur traders and trappers

17. Life of a Mountain Man Hard, isolated, dangerous (hunted animals on their own Married Native Americans usually Met once a year to trade furs and socialize