1. http://xkcd.com/765/ Where did we come from?

2. How do individuals and groups with different genes arise? Evolution…

3. Mutations: Sickle-cell anemia CB 17.22

4. Correlation of malaria and sickle-cell anemia CB 23.17

5. Does evolution occur?

6. As DNA changes; traits change. Protein

7. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce.

8. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how the DNA changes and who reproduces.

9. Reproductive success = evolutionary success

10. How does evolution occur? Fig 22.19

11. Natural Selection: Individuals that are most successful at reproducing will pass on more of their genetic information.

12. Individuals are selected… But populations evolve via changes in DNA during reproduction.

13. Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how the DNA changes and who reproduces.

14. O O OOO O O OO OO Bacteria with mutation causing resistance Evolution: changes in DNA as information transmitted

15. O O OOO O O OO OO O O OOO O O OO OO Apply antibiotic X XX XXXX X XX Kills most bacteria. Except if some have mutation that allow them to be resistant. Bacteria with mutation causing resistance Evolution: changes in DNA as information transmitted

16. O O OOO O O OO OO O O OOO O O OO OO O Apply antibiotic X XX XXXX X XX Kills most bacteria. Except if some have mutation that allow them to be resistant. Continues to replicate Bacteria with mutation causing resistance Evolution: changes in DNA as information transmitted

17. O O OOO O O OO OO O O OOO O O OO OO O O OOO O O OO OO O Apply antibiotic X XX XXXX X XX Kills most bacteria. Except if some have mutation that allow them to be resistant. Continues to replicate Population of resistant bacteria Bacteria with mutation causing resistance Evolution: changes in DNA as information transmitted

18. Reproductive success = evolutionary success

19. Natural Selection: Individuals that are most successful at reproducing will pass on more of their genetic information.

20. O O OOO O O OO OO O O OOO O O OO OO O O OOO O O OO OO O Apply antibiotic X XX XXXX X XX Kills most bacteria. Except if some have mutation that allow them to be resistant. Continues to replicate Population of resistant bacteria Bacteria with mutation causing resistance Evolution happens to populations; individuals are selected

21. O O OOO O O OO OO O O OOO O O OO OO O O OOO O O OO OO O Apply antibiotic X XX XXXX X XX Kills most bacteria. Except if some have mutation that allow them to be resistant. Continues to replicate Population of resistant bacteria Bacteria with mutation causing resistance Genetic diversity is needed so selection can occur

22. Evolution has no goal...no ultimate life form wrong right Fig 24.15

23. Flowering plants: Animal pollinators move pollen from one plant to another Plants reproduce, reward animals with sugar

24. Evolution does not always go “forward”… Some flowering plants disperse pollen by wind Fig 38.4

25. Evolution has no goal...no ultimate life form wrong right Fig 24.15

26. Fig 25.14 Evolution does not always occur at the same rate.

27. Fig 25.14 The rate of evolutionary change depends on the rate of environmental change.

28. Environmental changes drive evolution.

29. Fig 25.14 We do not know what caused the largest extinction event known.

30. Fig 25.14 Dinosaur extinction

31. Fig 25.15 an Asteroid impact, 65 mya

32. Environmental changes drive evolution.

33. Humans can select beneficial traits: =Artificial Selection

34. from TeosinteMaize By artificial selection that began ~10,000 years ago. Fig 38.16

35. Wild member of Brassica oleracea: small side buds Brussels sprouts: extremely large side buds Artificial selection Number of Individuals Size of buds (cm) 0123 1. Select individuals that have the largest side buds and breed them. 2. Of the offspring, select individuals that have the largest side buds and breed them. 3. Of the offspring, select individuals that have the largest side buds and breed them. 4. After several generations, bud size increases dramatically.

36. Wild Brassica oleracea: small side buds Brussels sprouts: extremely large side buds Artificial selection Number of Individuals Size of buds (cm) 0123 1. Select individuals that have the largest side buds and breed them. 2. Of the offspring, select individuals that have the largest side buds and breed them. 3. Of the offspring, select individuals that have the largest side buds and breed them. 4. After several generations, bud size increases dramatically. Selection only works if there is variability in the population

37. Hunter- Gatherer Agricultural Industrial Artificial Selection (breeding)

38. Different foods from one species of plant. Created by artificial selection. Fig 22.9

39. Modern cows were bred from earlier bovine species.

40. Fig 25.7 History of Earth: humans are a very small blip

41. Life as we know it… Fig 26.21

42. In class activity #3 Gather around someone with a computer. Find a popular article (not from a scientific journal) related to evolution. What article did you use? How is evolution portrayed? What misconceptions about evolution can you find in this article?

43. Next... Viruses and Bacteria