1. THE CATTLE INDUSTRY AND RAILROADS IN TEXAS Grade 04 Social Studies Unit: 09 ©2012, TESCCC

2. HOW DID THE CATTLE INDUSTRY BEGIN IN TEXAS? ❖ The Spanish brought cattle to Texas and the vaquero (cowboy) took care of them on ranches. ❖ Do any of you know someone who is a rancher or a cowboy? ©2012, TESCCC

3. WHAT CHALLENGES DID RANCHERS AND FARMERS FACE AND THEY STRUGGLE WITH TODAY? ❖ They did not have access to enough fresh water. ❖ Do any of you know someone who is a rancher or a farmer? ©2012, TESCCC

4. HOW DID TEXANS GET THEIR CATTLE TO MARKET? ❖ Texans got their cattle to market by cattle drives. Name at least two states that had railroads that got cattle to market. ❖ Two states could include Kansas, Wyoming, Nebraska, and Missouri. Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk ©2012, TESCCC

5. NAME A CONTRIBUTION MADE BY CHARLES GOODNIGHT. ❖ Charles Goodnight was a cowboy who blazed the Goodnight Loving cattle trail. After the Civil War, he joined a group that tried to round up cattle across the state. He had to get the cattle up north where they were paying top dollar for beef. His partner was Oliver Loving, and they blazed a trail across Texas up to Colorado and Wyoming. Image source: http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/d_ h/goodnight.htm ©2012, TESCCC

6. NAME A CONTRIBUTION MADE BY RICHARD KING. ❖ Richard King was the founder of the largest ranch in Texas called the King Ranch. ❖ The largest cattle ranch in Texas is the King RANCH! Image source: http://www.stxmaps.com/go/the- king-ranch-in-1864.html ©2012, TESCCC

7. NAME A CONTRIBUTION MADE BY LIZZIE JOHNSON. ❖ Lizzie Johnson was the first woman in Texas to ride the Chisholm Trail and own a ranch. ❖ How many of you would like to go on a cattle drive or own a ranch? ❖ Is there anyone in our class who has actually worked cattle on horseback? Image source: http://celiahayes.wordpress.com/2011/01/22/th e-anti-lily-bart-lizzie-johnson-williams/ ©2012, TESCCC

8. DRAW AND LABEL TWO PICTURES OF TWO EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGY THAT WERE DEVELOPED BECAUSE OF THE CATTLE INDUSTRY. Image from: http://openclipart.org/detail/19289 ❖ Barbwire is a twisted wire with sharp points that fenced in cattle. ❖ Joseph Glidden invented barbwire, which helped ranchers keep their herds safe from cattle rustlers, although ranchers first preferred their herds to roam the open range. Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org http://en.wikipedia.org ©2012, TESCCC

9. WHAT LED TO THE END OF THE CATTLE INDUSTRY? ❖ Settlers moved to Texas and fenced-in the open range. ❖ This left fewer acres of land for grazing cattle. ❖ This is why ranchers and farmers were sometimes not friendly to one another in the late 1800s. ©2012, TESCCC

10. THE RAILROAD COMES TO TEXAS! Image source: http://school.discoveryeducation.com/clipart/clip/oldtrain.html ©2012, TESCCC

11. THE RAILROAD COMES TO TEXAS! ©2012, TESCCC

12. TEXAS WAS IMPACTED BY THE RAILROAD. ❖ The RAILROAD gave Texas the ability to ship Texas goods and agricultural products to markets across the United States. ©2012, TESCCC

13. TEXAS WAS IMPACTED BY THE RAILROAD. ❖ One ECONOMIC impact was a GREATER DEPENDENCE of the United States on FOOD products from TEXAS. ©2012, TESCCC

14. TEXAS WAS IMPACTED BY THE RAILROAD. ❖ Another ECONOMIC impact was goods arrived to market faster. ©2012, TESCCC

15. Why did most settlers in Texas welcome railroad tracks crossing the vast territory of the state? ❖ The railroad caused the growth of cities. ❖ People moved to the cities to start small businesses that provided goods and services. ❖ Most rivers were shallow and flooded easily and that made TRADE difficult.. ©2012, TESCCC

16. Many immigrants to Texas found work in: ❖ similar jobs done previously in their country. ©2012, TESCCC