1. Chapter Fifteen The Bureaucracy

2. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 2 The United States Bureaucracy Bureaucracy: a large, complex organization composed of appointed officials Political authority over the bureaucracy is shared by president and Congress Federal agencies share functions with related state and local government agencies

3. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 3 Growth of the Bureaucracy Patronage in the 19 th century rewarded supporters, induced congressional support, and built party organizations

4. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 4 Recruitment and Retention Competitive service: bureaucrats compete for jobs through OPM Appointment by merit based on written exam or through selection criteria

5. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 5 SES The Senior Executive Service (SES) was established to provide the president and cabinet with more control in personnel decisions

6. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 6 Congressional Oversight Congress creates agencies Congressional appropriations provide funds for the agency to spend on its programs Congressional investigations

7. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 7 Bureaucratic Pathologies Red tape: complex, sometimes conflicting rules Conflict: agencies work at cross-purposes Duplication: two or more agencies seem to do the same thing Imperialism: tendency of agencies to grow, irrespective of programs’ benefits and costs Waste: spending more than is necessary to buy some product or service