1. ELEVATORS

2. HISTORY
The first reference about the elevator is located in the works of the Roman architect Vitruvius, who reported that Archimedes built his first lift or elevator, probably, in 236 B.C.
In 1793 Ivan Kulibin created the elevator with the screw lifting mechanism for the Winter Palace of Saint Petersburg.

3. HISTORY
Henry Waterman, of New York, invented the lift (elevator) in He intended it to transport barrels of flour.
In 1853, Elisha Otis introduced the safety elevator, which prevented the fall of the cab if the cable broke. The design of the Otis safety elevator is somewhat similar to one type still used today. A governor device engages knurled roller(s), locking the elevator to its guides should the elevator descend at excessive speed.

4. HISTORY
On March 23, 1857 the first Otis elevator was installed at 488 Broadway in New York City. The first elevator shaft preceded the first elevator by four years. Construction for Peter Cooper's Cooper Union building in New York began in An elevator shaft was included in the design for Cooper Union, because Cooper was confident that a safe passenger elevator would soon be invented.

5. HISTORY
The first electric elevator was built by Werner von Siemens in The safety and speed of electric elevators were significantly enhanced by Frank Sprague.

6. TWO MOST COMMON TYPE OF ELEVATORS
Electric Elevators – consists of a car that is mounted on guide rails, supported by hoisting cables, and driven by electric hoisting machinery in a penthouse.
Geared Traction Elevators (capable of speeds up to 1.75 meters per second)
Gearless Traction Elevators (capable of speeds up to 6 meters per second)

7. Elevator Car Hoist way Door
Driving Sheave
is the hoisting pulley
Control Panel
Contains switches, buttons, and
other equipment for regulating the
hoisting machinery
Idle Sheave
tightens and guides the
hoisting cables of the
elevator system.
Elevator Car
Hoisting Cable
cable or ropes used for raising
and lowering an elevator car
Traveling Cable
is one of the electric cables
connecting an elevator car to
a fixed electrical outlet in the
hoist way
Guide rails
are vertical steel tracks
controlling the travel
of an elevator car
Counterweights
are rectangular cast iron blocks mounted
in a steel frame to counterbalance the
load placed on the hoisting machine
by an elevator car
Hoist way Door
Buffer
is the piston or spring that
absorbs the impact of a
descending elevator
Elevator Pit
is the portion of the shaft
that extends from the level
of the lowest landing to the
floor of the hoistway

8. Hydraulic elevators – consists of a car supported by a piston that is moved by or moves against a fluid under pressure.
A penthouse is not required, but the hydraulic elevators’ lower speed and piston length limit its use to buildings up to six stories in height.

9. Machine Room less Electric Elevators

10. Electric Elevator Hydraulic Elevator Electric Motor Hoist way
Fluid Mechanics
Penthouse or
Machine Room
Buffer
Hydraulic Tank
Car
Ropes and Cables
Low-Rise
Guide rails
Counterweights
Elevator Pit
Plungers or Cylinders
Hi-Rise
Traveling Cable
Low-Speed
High Speed