1. A Very Brief History of Computing PE 266 Technology in HPER Dr. Mike Butler

2. Selected Online Resources http://inventors.about.com/library/blcoinde x.htm http://inventors.about.com/library/blcoinde x.htm http://inventors.about.com/library/blcoinde x.htm http://inventors.about.com/library/blcoinde x.htm http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/comp hist/ http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/comp hist/ http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/comp hist/ http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/comp hist/ http://www.ox.compsoc.net/~swhite/history /timelines.html http://www.ox.compsoc.net/~swhite/history /timelines.html http://www.ox.compsoc.net/~swhite/history /timelines.html http://www.ox.compsoc.net/~swhite/history /timelines.html http://el.hct.ac.ae/Compu/History.htm http://el.hct.ac.ae/Compu/History.htm http://el.hct.ac.ae/Compu/History.htm

3. Early Computers 500 BC 500 BC The abacus The abacus 1625 1625 The slide rule The slide rule 1822 1822 Charles Babbage mechanical computer Charles Babbage mechanical computermechanical computermechanical computer

4. Other early developments 1896 1896 Formation of the Tabulating Machine Company to help count census data Formation of the Tabulating Machine Company to help count census data What does this company become? What does this company become? 1899 1899 “Everything that can be invented has already been invented.” – director of US patent office “Everything that can be invented has already been invented.” – director of US patent office

5. Pre-WWII 1937 – Alan Turing’s paper on “computable numbers” – solving a math problem with a simple computer 1937 – Alan Turing’s paper on “computable numbers” – solving a math problem with a simple computer A member of the team that produced Colossus A member of the team that produced Colossus

6. The “Turing Test” The “Turing Test” Alan Turing declared that one day there would be a machine that could duplicate human intelligence in every way and prove it by passing a specialized test. In this test, a computer and a human hidden from view would be asked random identical questions. If the computer were successful, the questioner would be unable to distinguish the machine from the person by the answers. Alan Turing declared that one day there would be a machine that could duplicate human intelligence in every way and prove it by passing a specialized test. In this test, a computer and a human hidden from view would be asked random identical questions. If the computer were successful, the questioner would be unable to distinguish the machine from the person by the answers. http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=turing%2 0test%20 http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=turing%2 0test%20 http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=turing%2 0test%20 http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=turing%2 0test%20

7. Quotes 1943 – chairman of IBM says there may be a world market for as many as 5 computers 1943 – chairman of IBM says there may be a world market for as many as 5 computers

8. WW-II 1943 1943 Colossus – to help break Enigma Colossus – to help break Enigma 1946 1946 ENIAC – to compute ballistics and help develop hydrogen bomb ENIAC – to compute ballistics and help develop hydrogen bomb Weighed 30 tons Weighed 30 tons

9. Post WW-II 1947 – Transistor 1947 – Transistor William Shockley and others @ Bell Labs William Shockley and others @ Bell Labs Major step forward from vaccum tubes – it’s all about miniturization! Major step forward from vaccum tubes – it’s all about miniturization!

10. Quotes 1949 – in the future computers may weigh no more than 1.5 tons – Popular Mechanics 1949 – in the future computers may weigh no more than 1.5 tons – Popular Mechanics 1957 – editor of prentice hall says data processing is a fad that won’t last out the year 1957 – editor of prentice hall says data processing is a fad that won’t last out the year

11. Post WW-II 1958-1959 1958-1959 Integrated circuit Integrated circuit Kilby @ Texas Instruments Kilby @ Texas Instruments Noyce – silicon chip transistor Noyce – silicon chip transistor 1971 1971 Microprocessor Microprocessor

12. More Developments 1963 1963 Doug Englebart invents the mouse @ Xerox Doug Englebart invents the mouse @ Xerox 1964 1964 BASIC programming language runs for the first time BASIC programming language runs for the first time

13. Moore’s Law 1965 1965 Moore predicts that computing power would double every 18 months Moore predicts that computing power would double every 18 months

14. Intel 1968 1968 Noyce and Moore found Intel Noyce and Moore found Intel

15. Quotes 1968 – “but what is it good for?” – from IBM engineer commenting on the microchip 1968 – “but what is it good for?” – from IBM engineer commenting on the microchip “There is no reason why anyone would want a computer in their home.” – founder of DEC “There is no reason why anyone would want a computer in their home.” – founder of DEC

16. Networking developments 1969 - ARPANET – original internet? 1969 - ARPANET – original internet? US Department of Defense US Department of Defense

17. Floppy Disks 1971 1971 IBM introduces 8 inch floppy disks and drive IBM introduces 8 inch floppy disks and drive 1972 1972 5.25 inch mini-floppy disks appear 5.25 inch mini-floppy disks appear

18. Networking development 1972 1972 First international connections to ARPANET First international connections to ARPANET 1973 – ethernet developed 1973 – ethernet developed Robert Metcalfe at Xerox PARC Robert Metcalfe at Xerox PARC

19. WYSIWYG 1975 1975 Gypsy – word processor from Xerox PARC Gypsy – word processor from Xerox PARC First WYSIWYG program First WYSIWYG program

20. The evil empire is born 1975 1975 Bill Gates and Paul Allen form Microsoft Bill Gates and Paul Allen form Microsoft

21. Amusing Development 1976 1976 Steve Wozniak offers his new computer to Hewlet-Packard who reject it Steve Wozniak offers his new computer to Hewlet-Packard who reject it

22. Apple is born The two “Steves” build the first Apple I computer in their garage The two “Steves” build the first Apple I computer in their garage Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs Later they incorporate Apple Computer on April Fool’s Day Later they incorporate Apple Computer on April Fool’s Day First Apple I kit for sale at $666.66 First Apple I kit for sale at $666.66

23. First consumer computers 1974 1974 Altaire (named after a Star Trek episode) Altaire (named after a Star Trek episode) 1976 1976 Apple I & II Apple I & II 1977 1977 TRS-80 (trash 80) TRS-80 (trash 80)

24. Networking developments 1977 1977 TCP/IP used on ARPANET TCP/IP used on ARPANET

25. “Killer Apps” 1979 1979 VisiCalc spreadsheet VisiCalc spreadsheet

26. Big Blue 1981 1981 IBM PC IBM PC Visicalc and MS DOS version 1 Visicalc and MS DOS version 1

27. Quotes DOS only uses 1 MB of ram because we cannot imagine any applications needing more DOS only uses 1 MB of ram because we cannot imagine any applications needing more Bill Gates – “640K ought to be enough for anybody” Bill Gates – “640K ought to be enough for anybody”

28. Apple strikes back? 1983 – Lisa 1983 – Lisa Apple strikes out Apple strikes out

29. Apple’s Revenge 1984 1984 1984 Big product roll-outs Big product roll-outs Ridley Scott commercial Ridley Scott commercial

30. Microsoft attacks 1985 – MS Windows – the evil empire strikes back 1985 – MS Windows – the evil empire strikes back

31. Sir Tim Berners Lee Knighted in recognition of his creation of WWW in 1989 Knighted in recognition of his creation of WWW in 1989

32. Deep Blue 1997 1997 IBM supercomputer beats World Chess Champion Gary Kasparov for first time IBM supercomputer beats World Chess Champion Gary Kasparov for first time