1. LANGUAGE AND REASONING IN HUMANS AND OTHER ANIMALS Tatiana Chernigovskaya St. Petersburg State University Part VI

2. Jerry Fodor ‘Why pigs don’t have wings?’ ‘Why pigs don’t have wings?’ - Because they are pigs Humans have language because they are humans

3. Do we share recursion and the faculty of language itself with other species? Brain: modules vs. networks? The Faculty of Language: What Is it, Who has it, and How Did It Evolve? Science, vol. 298, 22 November 2002 M.Hauser, N.Chomsky, W.Fitch

4. Noam Chomsky A distinction should be made between the faculty of language in the broad sense (FLB) and in the narrow sense (FLN) FLB includes a sensory- motor system, a conceptual-intentional system, and the internal computational mechanisms, providing the capacity to generate an infinite range of expressions from a finite set of elements. Most of FLB is shared with other species

5. Noam Chomsky FLN only includes recursion and is the only uniquely human component of the faculty of language... ( Colorless green ideas... ) It is the abstract linguistic computational system alone and is a component of FLB Such computational abilities are seen outside of the domain of communication (i.e. in navigation, social behavior, etc.)

6. Recursive rules! Маша удивилась, что Петя не знает, что Нина лгала Саше. The ring that the jeweler that the man that she liked visited made won the prize that was given at the fair

7. Steven Pinker Ray Jackendoff

8. Pinker and Jackendoff claim that Fitch et al.’s view ignores the fact that many aspects of grammar are not recursive, such as phonology, morphology, case, agreement, and many properties of words.

9. Jackendoff and Pinker (2005) debate with Chomsky et al. (Hauser, Chomsky and Fitch, 2002) where Universal Grammar is described as a set of attractors causing the human capacity to learn any language on the basis of the assumption that ‘everything is already there, and the learner has only to set the options to suit the environment’; they argue that ‘it is hard to imagine all this structure emerging in the brain prior to experience, much less being coded genetically... a core of “narrow syntax” vs. combinatoriality spread across words and constructions.