2. Level 10 Routing: Long Division and Irrational Factions Dave Crocker Brandenburg Consulting MY: +60 (19) 3299 445 www.brandenburg.comUS: +1 (408) 426 9827 dcrocker@brandenburg.comFax: +1 (408) 273 6464

3. © 1998 D. Crocker, Brandenburg Consulting2 What we will cover  Some history  Some analysis  Some concerns

4. © 1998 D. Crocker, Brandenburg Consulting3 Some Internet Moments Technical  Internet operation  NSFNet backbone  NSFNet regionals  Commercial ISPs  ccTLDs, gTLDs  SNMP, IPv6 “wars”  Firewalls, NATs Management  Modern IETF  RIPE, APNIC, ARIN  Overthrow of IAB  Spam  For-profit gTLD charging  Green Paper

5. © 1998 D. Crocker, Brandenburg Consulting4 Collisions in name choices Infringement of trademark Monopoly control over registration Reasons for new gTLDs

6. © 1998 D. Crocker, Brandenburg Consulting5 The Structure ITU Depository (international and public status) gTLD-MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) IANA / ISOC (founding signatories) Policy Advisory Board (PAB) (220+ supporting signatory organizations) CORE-MoU (database registry) Registrars (85+ organizations for sales & support)

7. © 1998 D. Crocker, Brandenburg Consulting6 Active Groups Public Trust Oversight IANA / ISOC Policy Oversight Committee (POC) Policy Advisory Body Council of Registrars (CORE) Registrars BusinessOperations Registries

8. © 1998 D. Crocker, Brandenburg Consulting7 (Desired) Effects Competition among registrars Choice of names Resolution mechanism for disputes Stability of registration, operation, evolution

9. © 1998 D. Crocker, Brandenburg Consulting8 First principles  Competition  Prohibits undue control over customer  TLD database registry inherently has undue control over name holder  Making Additions  Increment carefully, to avoid instability

10. © 1998 D. Crocker, Brandenburg Consulting9 The Factions Support  IETF, etc.  RIPE, etc.  INTA  220+ organizations  Focused critics Opposition  Protecting  Revenue stream  Trademark (extremists)  Seeking revenue stream  Seeking public platform  Crazy  Philosophic disagreement

11. © 1998 D. Crocker, Brandenburg Consulting10 Difference in “authority”? IETF, etc  Long history  Extensive hierarchy  Community trust IANA / IAHC  Long history  Fragile hierarchy  Limited community

12. © 1998 D. Crocker, Brandenburg Consulting11 The 10-layer stack ApplicationPresentationSessionTransportNetworkLinkPhysical Politics Financial Religion

13. © 1998 D. Crocker, Brandenburg Consulting12 Internet Growth  Size since beginning  Six orders of magnitude of growth  Only two to go, to reach everbody on globe  Interoperability required  At all levels of technology, organization  Change does require change  Parental vigilance, individual responsibility

14. © 1998 D. Crocker, Brandenburg Consulting13 Group process  Communication  Requires shared meaning  Progress  Requires shared goals  Requires action