1. Population Geography

2.  World POPClock Projection

3.  Demography: Demography: the statistical study of human populations  What does zero population growth mean?  What was going on in Singapore since WW II?  How many brothers and sisters do you have?  What is the income of your family? Population Geography: Population Geography: number, composition, & distribution of human beings

4.   Prehistoric time (5,000 years bp) … about 5,000,000 persons  Last year … 5,974,000,000 persons  Today … 7.1 billion! Oldest known stone tools in Africa (2,400,000 years bp)Africa Earliest known use of fire (1,600,000 ybp) Homo sapiens sapiens inhabit Africa (200,000 ybp)Africa Humans migrate out of Africa (100,000 ybp)Africa Last ice age begins to recede (15,000 ybp) Farming begins (10,000 ybp) First Mesopotamian cities erected (5,000 ybp)  How much is a billion???  What caused the increase?  What is the present situation?  What does the future hold?  Can the Earth support many more people? A. History of Human Population

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6.   Basic components of population change: inputs & outputs  Inputs add to the system…outputs subtract Types of inputs and outputs:  Fertility: birth rates  Mortality: death rates  Net Migration: immigration (migration in) minus emigration (out) B. “The Population System”

7.   Birth rate is calculated by live births per 1,000 persons.  Less than 20 per thousand is a low birth rate  What is the highest? …  Niger with 50:1,000  http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.CBRT. IN/countries?order=wbapi_data_value_2012+wb api_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.CBRT. IN/countries?order=wbapi_data_value_2012+wb api_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc C. Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

8.  Crude Birth Rates

9.  TFR (total fertility rate): TFR (total fertility rate): average number of live births per 1,000 women of child-bearing age ZPG * Rate of 2.1 is required just to REPLACE the present population to have ZPG (zero population growth) * Developed counties: TFR of 1.6 or less Developing countries: TFR of 3.6 D. Fertility Rates (TFR)

10.  Total Fertility Rates: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN. TFRT.IN/countries http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN. TFRT.IN/countries http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN. TFRT.IN/countries

11.  World population increase has been a result of declining death rates, NOT increasing birth rates.