1. Planned Cities on the Indus Began around 2500 BC, and little is known about the Indus RVC because its language has yet to be decoded Geography India is isolated from the rest of Asia with the help of the Hindu Kush, the Karakorum, and the ____________________.  “Indian Subcontinent” Mountains to the north and deserts to the east help protect Indus RVC Along the ________ and __________ Rivers Monsoons affect Indus RVC’s climate by blowing dry air across the country. Around six months later those winds carry moisture back mainland and often cause flooding

2. Environmental Challenges Unpredictable annual ___________ Rivers changed course Monsoon __________were unpredictable Civilization Emerges on Indus Not exactly sure when first settlers arrive Began building cities around 2500 BC with more precise cut mud bricks than in Mesopotamia Indus Valley civilization is often called __________________________ because of the numerous artifacts found in Harappa Most remarkable achievement was ___________________  remarkable grid system Created sophisticated ______________________________

3. _____________ Culture Harappan language (carved into stone) has yet to be deciphered Few weapons have been found, but toys and entertainment seem to be bountiful  not warring ppl Animals were valued, as seen in Harappan art Most likely ruled by ___________ Traded precious metals and stones with Persia and the Deccan Plateau

4. Indus Valley Culture Ends The quality of building deteriorated and the old cities decayed around 1750 BC Tectonic plate movement likely caused earthquakes and floods which wiped out civilization Soil exhaustion likely caused people to migrate as well Invasions from the Aryans came around 1500 BC, and this was the tipping point for Indus Valley culture ….meanwhile civilization is forming farther east.

5. Chinese River Dynasties Geography Isolated from the other RVC’s by various mountain ranges and deserts to the Northeast and Southwest Based along the __________ and ____________River Environmental Challenges Flooding from the rivers often caused disaster creating the nickname “______________________” Limited trading with outside worlds due to isolation Invasions from the Northwest were possible Only about 10% of China’s land is suitable for farmland

6. Civilization under Shang Dynasty Homo erectus skeleton proves that people settled in the Chinese river valleys around 500,000 years ago First Chinese dynasty was the ________(2,000 BC-1,700 BC). Leader was Yu, and was famous for irrigation and flood control systems Around the time the first three RVC’s collapse, the _________family takes control in China (1,700BC-1,000BC). The Shang were the first to leave written records Early Cities Earliest Shang city was Anyang ___________________ projects hint on the level of organization in the Chinese RVC Walls were necessary to combat invaders. Wars led the Chinese to the invention of the chariot.

7. Development of Chinese Culture Group was more valuable than individual Chinese RVC’s were ego-centric Family Family was the first source of loyalty Men ruled the household, women only improved their status by bearing children Marriages were arranged as early as 13 Social Roles Warrior-nobles controlled the land and the outside villages; there was a sharp division between ruler and ruled

8. Religious Beliefs Believed that spirits of ancestors brought good or bad luck to living members of the family Through ancestors and oracle bones, the Chinese worshiped their god Shang Di Development of Writing No correlation between written and spoken Chinese Over 10,000 characters made up the language

9. Zhou Dynastic Cycle Around 1000 BC the ________ overthrew the Shang Claimed divinity and that the last Shang was a poor ruler  __________________ Historians used floods and other natural disasters to justify wars and rebellions Pattern of rise, decline, and replacement  _________________ Control Through Feudalism To rule just a vast area of land, the Zhou gave out parcels of land to nobility and the royal family to rule  _____________

10. Improvements in Technology and Trade _____________________were built __________________ was introduced _________________(iron producers) were created for tools and weapons Period of Warring States Zhou ruled from about 1,000 BC to about 250 BC Warring outsiders from the west murdered the Zhou king in 771. Surviving royal family members then battled for control amongst themselves  Period of Warring States