1. Grandmothers and Circumcision Sept 18

2. Menopause Pituitary gland tells ovaries when to stop functioning Chimpanzees The Grandmother Theory

3. Menopause Objections to its importance: –1. Human life span has changed –2. Other female animals become infertile with age –3. Menopause occurs because women run out of eggs

4. Circumcision Religious reasons? Hygenic reasons? Tradition?

5. The Animal with the Weirdest Sex Life Sept 18 th, 2014

6. What is normal? Among Humans: –Men and women join in long-term pair relationships that are recognized by others –Marriage is a sexual union an a partnership for raising children –Couples live embedded in a society of other couples with whom they cooperate economically and share access to communal territory –Sex occurs in private –Ovulation is concealed –Menopause

7. Sexual Cannibalism Fish, spiders, mantises