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The Rise and Fall of the Byzantine Empire
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How was Constantinople the New Rome? When Germanic tribes came into Rome, Roman emperor Constantine moved east to the Mediterranean. Named the city after himself. Included pathways to the Balkans, to the Middle East and to North Africa. Eastern Roman Empire Byzantine Empire
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Where was Constantinople located? Located on the shores of the Bosporus, a strait that links the Mediterranean and Black Seas
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Why was Constantinople important? Key for trading Linked Europe and Asia Byzantine merchants sold: silks from China, wheat from Egypt, gems from India, spices from Southeast Asia, and furs from Viking lands in the north.
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What does it mean to blend culture? How did the Byzantine Empire have blended culture?
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Emperor Justinian Ruled from 527-565 Determined to revive ancient Rome Reconquered North Africa, Italy, and southern Iberian Peninsula
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Emperor Justinian Fire- everything destroyed Vowed to rebuild Hagia Sophia
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Justinian’s Code “Body of Law” Legal writings of Roman judges Rules were meant to unify the empire
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Justinian as a Ruler Justinian ruled as an autocrat He had power over the Church Was aided by his wife Theodora Did not hesitate to pursue her own policies
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Byzantine Government Strong central government Prosperous economy Peasants did a lot of work Had the strongest military force
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Byzantine Empire under attack Persians, Slavs, Vikings, Huns and Turks all attacked the Byzantine Empire. Attacks were unsuccessful Empire served as a buffer to the rest of Western Europe
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Byzantine Christianity There were differences between the Christianity that was being practiced in the two regions. Emperor was appointed the patriarch- controlled Church affairs The Great Schism
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Byzantine/Eastern Orthodox Roman Catholic Clergy had the right to marry Language: Greek Major holiday: Easter Don’t venerate icons Clergy don’t have the right to marry Language: Latin Major holiday: Christmas Venerate icons
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The Great Schism The pope and the patriarch excommunicated each other. They treated each other as rivals
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Crisis and Collapse Struggle over succession Constant wars Local lords gained control of large areas
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The Crusades Wars between Christians and Muslims Muslims were blocking routes for Christians to travel to Jerusalem Crusaders burned cities Venetian merchants had gained control of Byzantine trade
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The fall of the Byzantine Empire Ottomans surrounded Constantinople. Brought cannons to attack Turks destroyed protective walls Mehmet II took over Hagia Sophia Islamic house of worship Constantinople Istanbul
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Byzantine Art and Learning Byzantine art was primarily based on religious and ruling figures Mosaics- brought the Bible to life Produced great books
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wcze7EGorOk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wcze7EGorOk
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