1. Plant Morphology Michael G. Simpson General Terms Can be used for more than one structure/organ

2. COLOR / COLOR PATTERN SIZE NUMBER Cycly - no. of whorls (series) Merosity - no. of parts per whorl

3. TEXTURE coriaceous indurate scarious succulent - thick, leathery - hard, ~unbendable - thin, dry, translucent - fleshy

4. FUSION Fusion of like parts: connate coherent Fusion of unlike parts: adnate adherent Lack of fusion of like parts: distinct Lack of fusion of unlike parts: free contiguous

5. SHAPE : Solid (3-D)

7. acicular ensiform strap- shaped linear narrowly oblong

8. narrowly elliptic elliptic widely ellipticorbicular

9. lanceolate lance-ovate ovate widely ovateoblanceolate oblance-ovate obovate

10. narrowly triangular widely triangular deltate rhombic trullate

11. cordate / cordiform falcate panduratereniform spatulatesubulate

12. attenuate narrowly cuneate cuneate obtuserounded truncatecordate reniformauriculatehastatesagittateobliquepeltate

13. entire serrate serrulate doubly serrate dentate denticulate crenate crenulate spinose erose ciliate ciliolate filiferous

14. acuminate caudate cuspidate narrowly acute obtuserounded truncateemarginateretuse mucronatemucronulateapiculatearistatecirrhousspinous

15. Division pinnately lobed pinnately cleft pinnately partedpinnately divided sinuateincised laciniatepectinatepalmately lobed palmately cleft palmately partedpalmately divided

16. Division pinnatifid bipinnatifid tripinnatifiddecompound

17. Disposition (a character set) = relative placement of objects position arrangement orientation posture

18. Disposition (a character set) = relative placement of objects position - relative placement of unlike objects

19. proximal/ basal distal/apical adaxial (ventral) abaxial (dorsal) posterior (adaxial) anterior (abaxial) terminal (apical) lateral (axillary) cauline acrocaulis basal/ radical general positionspecialized position

20. Disposition (a character set) = relative placement of objects arrangement - relative placement of like object

21. alternate spiral distichous opposite decussatenon-decussate whorled equitantimbricatevalvatefasciculatesecund

22. Disposition (a character set) = relative placement of objects orientation - angle relative to central axis

23. Orientation appressed depressed ascending descending inclined reclined reflexed horizontal / divergent

24. antrorseretrorseconniventerect pendant/ pendulous

25. Posture (a character set) =placement relative to a horizontal plane transverse posture - placement of tip longitudinal posture - placement of margins twisting/bending posture

26. recurvedcernuoussquarroseincurved flexuous

27. conduplicaterevoluteinvolute cup-shaped (abaxially concave, in this case)

28. plicateundulate/repandresupinategeniculate

29. SURFACE canaliculatepunctaterugose/bullatestriate

30. SURFACE aculeate/pricklyfarinaceous/scurfy papillate/ verrucate/tuberculate muricate glaucous – with a waxy coating viscid – with a sticky secretion

31. SURFACE bearded ciliate/ ciliolate comose

32. SURFACE pubescentpuberulenttomentosetomentulose lanate/villous pilosearachnoidscabroushirsute hispid strigosestrigulosesericeousfloccose lepidote

33. glabrous - smooth, with no trichomes

35. Symmetry zygomorphic (bilateral) actinomorphic (radial) biradial asymmetric

36. Temporal Phenomena: Duration annual – living one growing season (gen. ≤ 1 year) biennial – living two growing seasons (2 years) perennial – living many growing seasons (∞ years)

37. Temporal phenomena: Duration evergreen – persistent two or more growing seasons deciduous – persistent one growing season, then falling off caducous/fugacious – falling/dropping off early accrescent – growing beyond what is typical

38. Temporal phenomena: Maturation protandrous – stamens mature first within a flower protogynous – pistils mature first within a flower