1. Outreach Innovation Building Kyle Pepperman The Pennsylvania State University Architectural Engineering Senior Thesis Spring 2005

2. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 2 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Presentation Outline Project Background Project Background Project Team Project Team Existing Conditions Existing Conditions Redesign Goals Redesign Goals Mechanical Redesign Mechanical Redesign Electrical Analysis Electrical Analysis Fire Protection Analysis Fire Protection Analysis Conclusions Conclusions Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Questions Questions South-East View

3. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 3 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Project Background 97,000 gross square feet 97,000 gross square feet $27 Million total project cost $27 Million total project cost Home to Penn State Public Broadcasting and World Campus (WPSX-TV and WPSU-FM) Home to Penn State Public Broadcasting and World Campus (WPSX-TV and WPSU-FM) Building Features 1 main and several smaller television production studios, radio facilities, World Campus resource library, and offices. Building Features 1 main and several smaller television production studios, radio facilities, World Campus resource library, and offices.

4. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 4 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Project Team OwnerPenn State Research Park Developers Inc. OwnerPenn State Research Park Developers Inc. ArchitectGBQC Architects, PC ArchitectGBQC Architects, PC Construction ManagerPoole Anderson Construction LLC. Construction ManagerPoole Anderson Construction LLC. Studio Design ConsultantThe Lawrence Group Architects Studio Design ConsultantThe Lawrence Group Architects Struct., MEP, Fire Prot. EngAssociated Engineering Consultants Struct., MEP, Fire Prot. EngAssociated Engineering Consultants Acoustic ConsultantShen Milsom & Wilke, Inc. Acoustic ConsultantShen Milsom & Wilke, Inc. Telecomm. Design Consult.PSU Office of Telecommunications Telecomm. Design Consult.PSU Office of Telecommunications Audiovisual Equip. Consult.PSU Office of Media Technology Audiovisual Equip. Consult.PSU Office of Media Technology Civil EngineerGannett-Fleming, Inc. Civil EngineerGannett-Fleming, Inc.

5. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 5 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Existing Conditions Building Envelope Building Envelope 3-story 3-story Brick Façade and aluminum panels to match surrounding buildings Brick Façade and aluminum panels to match surrounding buildings Large curtain windows on east and south side of building Large curtain windows on east and south side of building South-East View

6. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 6 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Existing Conditions Lighting/Electrical Lighting/Electrical Radial System with 15kV service cable into a 12.47kV-480Y/277V transformer Radial System with 15kV service cable into a 12.47kV-480Y/277V transformer 2400A, 3-phase, 4-wire main switchboard 2400A, 3-phase, 4-wire main switchboard 100kVA emergency generator 100kVA emergency generator UPS for loads that require uninterruptible power UPS for loads that require uninterruptible power Fire Protection Fire Protection Wet-pipe automatic system Wet-pipe automatic system Dry-pipe system within server and video archive area Dry-pipe system within server and video archive area

7. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 7 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Existing Conditions Mechanical Mechanical Design Conditions Design Conditions Summer 89F DB, 72F WB Summer 89F DB, 72F WB Winter 5FDB Winter 5FDB 6-Air Handling Units 6-Air Handling Units Cooling coils range from 24.2 to 81.2 tons Cooling coils range from 24.2 to 81.2 tons 10,000 to 35,000 cfm 10,000 to 35,000 cfm Perimeter 2-Pipe Fan Coil Units Perimeter 2-Pipe Fan Coil Units 2-175 ton rooftop chillers and 1-54 ton chiller 2-175 ton rooftop chillers and 1-54 ton chiller UFAD and Ducted Systems UFAD and Ducted Systems

8. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 8 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Redesign Goals Reduce Energy Use Reduce Energy Use Save money Save money Proper Indoor Air Quality Proper Indoor Air Quality South View

9. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 9 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Mechanical Redesign Dedicated Outdoor Air System Overview Dedicated Outdoor Air System Overview Independent unit to supply minimum OA for ventilation Independent unit to supply minimum OA for ventilation Parallel system to meet remaining load Parallel system to meet remaining load DOAS Benefits DOAS Benefits Exact ventilation Exact ventilation Reduced OA loads Reduced OA loads Lower Operating Cost Lower Operating Cost South-West View

10. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 10 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Mechanical Redesign New Mechanical System New Mechanical System Single chilled water AHU for ventilation Single chilled water AHU for ventilation 11,500 cfm77 tons cooling 11,500 cfm77 tons cooling 2-Pipe Fan Coil Units as parallel system 2-Pipe Fan Coil Units as parallel system Some equipped with electrical heat for transition between seasons Some equipped with electrical heat for transition between seasons Original AHU that supplies Server room to remain Original AHU that supplies Server room to remain

11. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 11 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Mechanical Redesign Enthalpy Wheel with DOAS Enthalpy Wheel with DOAS Reduced cooling coil load Reduced cooling coil load Scroll Chiller Scroll Chiller Original = 435 tons and 640 gpm Original = 435 tons and 640 gpm Redesign = 240 tons and 460 gpm Redesign = 240 tons and 460 gpm Reduction of 200 tons or 45% Reduction of 200 tons or 45% 2-Air Cooled Chillers were selected to replace 2 larger existing air cooled chillers 2-Air Cooled Chillers were selected to replace 2 larger existing air cooled chillers Existing smaller chiller to remain Existing smaller chiller to remain Used for Data Center AHU Used for Data Center AHU

12. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 12 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Mechanical Redesign Pumps and Piping Pumps and Piping OriginalRedesign Primary CHW2 @ 280 gpm2 @ 190 gpm Secondary CHW2 @ 640 gpm2 @ 460 gpm West View

13. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 13 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Mechanical Redesign Underfloor Air Distribution System Underfloor Air Distribution System Advantages Advantages Flexible Flexible Large amount of data cables Large amount of data cables Disadvantages Disadvantages Possible leakage Possible leakage Requires a large volume of air Requires a large volume of air Supply air temperature Supply air temperature

14. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 14 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Mechanical Redesign Underfloor Air Distribution System with DOAS Underfloor Air Distribution System with DOAS V OA *T OA + V FC *T FC = V TOT *(65F) V OA *T OA + V FC *T FC = V TOT *(65F) (168)*(50F) + V FC *(70F) = (5194)*(65F) (168)*(50F) + V FC *(70F) = (5194)*(65F) V FC = 4706 cfm V FC = 4706 cfm

15. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 15 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Mechanical Redesign Emissions Emissions Percent Reduction Percent Reduction NOx = 29% NOx = 29% SOx, CO2, and Particulates = 16% SOx, CO2, and Particulates = 16% Energy Charge Energy Charge Electricity = $0.02383 / KWh Electricity = $0.02383 / KWh Natural Gas = $0.5 / therm Natural Gas = $0.5 / therm Energy Cost Savings Energy Cost Savings Savings of 692,632 KWh/Year = 16% reduction Savings of 692,632 KWh/Year = 16% reduction $43,623 per year $43,623 per year

16. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 16 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Mechanical Redesign Cost Analysis Cost Analysis New Equipment Cost = $448,850 New Equipment Cost = $448,850 Original Equipment Cost = $388,650 Original Equipment Cost = $388,650 Cost Difference for Redesign = $60,200 Cost Difference for Redesign = $60,200 Simple Payback Period = 1 year 5 months Simple Payback Period = 1 year 5 months Lost Rentable Space Lost Rentable Space Original Design = 7417 sq.ft. = 8.7% Original Design = 7417 sq.ft. = 8.7% Redesign = 4840 sq.ft. = 5% Redesign = 4840 sq.ft. = 5%

17. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 17 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Electrical Analysis Analyzed effects of Mechanical Redesign Analyzed effects of Mechanical Redesign Circuit Breaker Size Circuit Breaker Size Conductor Size Conductor Size Conduit Size Conduit Size New Primary Chilled Water Pump (Quantity 2) (2 HP, 480V, 3-Phase, P.F. = 0.90) NEC Table: 430-150 => FLC=2.7 A KVA= 1.73 * 2.7 A * 480V * 0.9 = 2.017 KVA Circuit Breaker Size: 2.7 A * 250% = 6.75 A => 20 A, 3 P Breaker Conductor Size: 2.7 A * 125% = 3.375 A NEC Table 310.16 => #12 THW (Cu) Conduit Size: NEC Table C1 => 1/2”

18. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 18 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Electrical Analysis Panel Comparison Schedule UnitHpVoltagePhaseFLCAkVAQuantityTotal kVA New Chiller 1248032.1301.5691218.828 New P-1 248032.7202.01724.034 New P-2 14.92 kW480317.976013.43226.86 New AHU 2048032710020.171 Enthalpy Wheel 1/448031.1150.8221 Fan Coils 3 kW48033.6402.693183.39 Old Chiller 217 kW4803261800195.062390.12 Old P-2&3 548037.6255.68211.36 Old P-4A&B 154803217015.695231.39 Old AHU 2A&B 2548033411025.4250.8 104803144010.5221 Old AHU 3A&B 6048037725057.52115 2548033411025.4250.8

19. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 19 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Electrical Analysis Panelboard Comparison Panelboard Comparison Original = 1000A Original = 1000A Redesign = 300A Redesign = 300A New Equipment Total kVA = Sum kVA + 25% * kVAmax = 175 Min Ampacity = Total kVA / (0.48kV * 1.73) = 210.75 Max Ampacity = (Sum kVA + 75% * kVAmax) / (0.48 kV * 1.73) = 260.86 Panel Ampacity = 300 A North-West View

20. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 20 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Fire Protection Analysis Analyzed use of Clean Agent FP System Analyzed use of Clean Agent FP System HFC-227ea chosen as agent HFC-227ea chosen as agent Suitable for use in normally occupied spaces Suitable for use in normally occupied spaces Design Concentration Design Concentration 8-10.8% 8-10.8% Agent Hold Time > 10 minutes Agent Hold Time > 10 minutes

21. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 21 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Fire Protection Analysis Tank Size Tank Size 88.7 lbs. – 1600cu.ft. 88.7 lbs. – 1600cu.ft. 500 lbs. – 9000cu.ft. 500 lbs. – 9000cu.ft. 665 lbs – 12000cu.ft. 665 lbs – 12000cu.ft. Floor mounted Tanks Floor mounted Tanks 1” Piping 1” Piping

22. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 22 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Conclusions DOAS with Fan Coils provide proper ventilation with reduced energy consumption DOAS with Fan Coils provide proper ventilation with reduced energy consumption Yearly energy reduction of 16% Yearly energy reduction of 16% Cost savings of $43,623 per year Cost savings of $43,623 per year 1 year 5 month payback period 1 year 5 month payback period Electrical Electrical Redesign of mechanical equipment reduced mechanical demand Redesign of mechanical equipment reduced mechanical demand Fire Protection Fire Protection Clean Agent System using HFC-227ea should be used to protect valuable information and equipment Clean Agent System using HFC-227ea should be used to protect valuable information and equipment

23. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 23 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Acknowledgements Jae-Weon Jeong Jae-Weon Jeong Jeff Kokoski Jeff Kokoski Joel Haight Joel Haight Adam Warriner Adam Warriner Fellow Classmates Fellow Classmates Luke Klock Luke Klock Ryan Wanko and Ryan Buff Ryan Wanko and Ryan Buff

24. Kyle Pepperman Mechanical Option 24 Outreach Innovation Building Spring 2005 Questions