1. Organizational Structure

2. Modes Objective thought Hard sciences Single Perspective Single lense or paradigm Excellent for detecting anomalies Subjective thought Soft sciences Multiple Perspective Multiple lenses or paradigms Excellent for offering creative solutions

3. Models Simple Organizations Cottage Industries, Craft shops, Small businesses Labor—provided by those who create the business Organization—work is done as need develops with informal communication No need for the rationalization and formalization of work

4. Models Bureaucracies—Factory or Machine Assembly line, bottling facility, car production Labor—the man on the street—on the job training Organization—management structures Work is rationalized and formalized based on complexity

5. Models Bureaucracies—Professional Schools, Hospitals, Law Firms Labor—professional schools—the rules of the field are with in the worker Organization—Outcome based Work is done based on outcomes and professional judgment, little supervision

6. Models Adhocracy The early days of N.A.S.A, cutting edge businesses, research labs, academic work Labor—professional from across several spectrums, a multi-disciplinary team Organization—work surrounds a task or problem, work is so complex we invent the technologies to solve the problem as a part of the work