1. Ch 12, Section 2

2. Labor union – association of workers organized to improve wages and working conditions for its members. Why do we have unions?  based on the belief that as a group, workers will have more influence on management.  Working conditions in the 1800’s were very poor - bad lighting, little ventilation, dangerous machinery was being used, long workweek, low wages, no sick leave, no paid vacations and holidays, no health care benefits.

3.  2010 union membership, 14.7 million Americans, 11.9% of all workers. Down from 20% in 1980.  36% of public sector workers are union members. Ex. Postal workers, policeman, teachers, etc.  7% of all private sector workers are union members.

4.  Largest federation of trade unions in the U.S., made up of 56 national and international unions, representing 11 million workers.  Represented almost all unions from 1955- 2005, when some unions started to break off and form new unions.

5.  Local union – made up of workers from a particular factory, company, or geographic area. Ex. Well’s Blue Bunny.  Closed shop – companies can only hire union members. Outlawed in 1947 by the Taft- Hartley Act.  Union shop – new employee must join the union after a specific period of time, usually 90 days.  Agency shop – employees are not required to join the union, but they must pay union dues.

6.  National unions – help the local unions with negotiations. Example, NEA helps the SCEA or the IEA.

7.  A law that forbids unions from forcing workers to join unions and/or pay union dues.