1. Descriptive Mineralogy Non-Silicates: Carbonates

2. Classification of the Minerals Non-Silicates –Native Elements –Halides –Sulfides –Carbonates –Sulfates –Phosphates –Oxides –Hydroxides Silicates –Orthosilicates –Sorosilicates –Cyclosilicates –Chain Silicates –Layer Silicates –Tektosilicates

3. Carbonates Calcite Group Aragonite Group Dolomite Group Other carbonates

4. Carbonate Periodic Table

5. Calcite Group Calcite CaCO 3 Magnesite MgCO 3 Siderite FeCO 3 Rhodochrosite MnCO 3 Smithsonite ZnCO 3

6. Calcite Structure Space Group R-3c Divalent cation radius < 1.00Å

7. Calcite CaCO 3

8. Occurrence: Sedimentary: Detrital and Evaporite limestones Metamorphic: Marble Low temperature hydrothermal. Igneous: Carbonatites, Kimberlites Uses: Building stone, Sculpture, Gravel and paving Acid mine drainage mitigation

9. Rhodochrosite MnCO 3 Occurrence: Low T Hydrothermal Uses:Mineral Specimens

10. Siderite FeCO 3 Occurrence:Low temperature hydrothermal. Use; Minor ore of Fe

11. Magnesite MgCO 3 Occurrence: olivine weathering Uses:Chalk CO 2 Sequestration?

12. Smithsonite ZnCO 3 Occurrence: Oxidized Hydrothermal (after sphalerite) Uses:Minor ore of Zn

13. Aragonite Group Aragonite CaCO 3 Strontianite CaCO 3 Witherite BaCO 3 Cerussite PbCO 3

14. Aragonite Structure Space Group Pbnm Cation Radius > 1.00Å

15. Aragonite CaCO 3 Occurrence: High pressure rocks Some shells Boiler scale Uses:None

16. Strontianite SrCO 3 Occurrence: Low T Hydrothermal Uses:Principal source of Sr (used in fireworks, ammunition, flares)

17. Witherite BaCO 3 Occurrence: Low T Hydrothermal Uses:Rat Poison

18. Witherite transforms at RT from orthorhombic to trigonal Witherite (BaCO 3 ) 0 GPa8.0 GPa

19. Cerussite PbCO 3 Occurrence: Oxidized Hydrothermal Uses:Minor ore of Pb

20. Dolomite Group Dolomite CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 Ankerite CaFe(CO 3 ) 2

21. Dolomite CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 Occurrence: Sedimentary, Igneous (carbonantites) Uses:None

22. Other Carbonates Malachite Cu 2 (CO 3 )(OH) 2 Azurite Cu 3 (CO 3 ) 2 (OH) 2 Bastnasite CeCO 3 F Bastnasite REECO 3 F

23. Malachite Cu 2 CO 3 (OH) 2 Occurrence: Low T Hydrothermal Supergene Cu Uses:Minor ore of Cu, gems and ornaments

24. Azurite Cu 3 (CO 3 ) 2 (OH) 2 Occurrence: Low T Hydrothermal Supergene Cu Uses:Minor ore of Cu, gems and ornaments

25. Bastnasite CeCO 3 F Occurrence: Pegmatite Uses:Principal Source of Rare Earth Elements

26. Bastnasite CeCO 3 F

27. Carbonate Periodic Table

28. Gossans are Oxidized Hydrothermal Deposits