1. Absolute Monarchs in Europe

2. Absolute Monarchs  Absolute monarch-kings or queens who believed all power within their state ’ s boundaries rested in their hands  Divine right-the political idea that monarchs receive their power directly from God

3. Spain  Ruling family: Hapsburgs King-Philip II King-Philip II  Don Quixote- European novel written in 1605 by Miguel de Cervantes (mocked chivalry)  1588-Spanish Armada defeated by the English  Building an empire in the Americas Became temporarily wealthy Lead to inflation

4. France  Ruling family: Bourbons  Louis XIV-most powerful ruler  “ L'état, c ’ est moi ” I am the state I am the state  Makes many changes to make France very powerful  Builds Palace of Versailles Demonstrates Louis ’ s power and wealth  Louis ’ legacy France = powerful Huge debt Resentment over royal abuse of power Lead to revolution

5. http://10.135.3.241/SAFARI/montage/play.php?keyindex=97187&location= 005849&play=1&filetypeid=7

6. Russia  Ruling family: Romanovs  Culturally different from Western Europe  Moves the capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg  Peter the Great sought to westernize Russia  Four ways: 1. Introduce potatoes 2. Started 1 st newspaper 3. Women could attend social gatherings 4. Nobles adopted western fashions and shaved beards

7. England  Ruling families: Tudors  King Henry VIII  Elizabeth I

8. Prussia & Thirty Years War  Frederick I Centralized power Centralized power Divine Right Divine Right  Ruling Family: Hohenzollern Dynasty  Consequences of the Treaty of Westphalia: Weakened Hapsburg states Strengthened France Ended religious wars in Europe Most important result: Modern state system emergedModern state system emerged Europe recognized as a group of independent states that were each equalEurope recognized as a group of independent states that were each equal