1. The Science of Marine Biology
Chapter 1
The Science of Marine Biology

2. Why Study Marine Biology?
Life originated in the oceans

3. Why Study Marine Biology?
Life originated in the oceans
Medical advances
Sedgewickmuseum.org

4. Why Study Marine Biology?
Life originated in the oceans
Medical advances
Food, medicine, tourism
earthobservatory.nasa.gov
countryliving.com

5. Why Study Marine Biology?
Life originated in the oceans
Medical advances
Food, medicine, tourism
Marine organisms produce half the air we breathe

6. Earliest History
Stone blades found in sea caves with piles of shells (165,000 years ago)

7. Ancient Pacific Islanders
Navigated using the sun and stars
Sturdy double-hulled canoes

8. Phoenicians First accomplished western navigators (2000 B.C.)
Related to trade, transportation, and food
Keeled hull ships
phoenicia.org
phoenicia.org

9. Growth of Marine Biology in Europe
Aristotle and his drawings (father of marine Biology)
Leif Ericksson discovered N. America (AD 995)
News never reached eastern Europe
Christopher Columbus 1492
Magellan circumnavigates the globe 1519
askabiologist.asu.edu

10. Cook Expedition 1768 explored all the oceans
First expedition to make scientific observations along the way
First to use a chronometer to accurately measure longitude (maps!)
James Cook killed in Hawaii during a fight with the natives

11. HMS Beagle 1831 Charles Darwin Took samples
Evolution, how coral atolls form (geology)
*Really liked barnacles
meer.org/ebook/mbhist.htm
oceanservice.noaa.gov

12. Wilkes Expedition
First government sponsored expedition (U.S.)
2000 new species identified
Charted the coast of Antarctica and determined it was a land mass

13. Challenger Expedition
1872 Charles Wyville Thompson
Brittish expedition lasting 3.5 years
Brought back more information than was ever gathered before
Measurements were taken carefully and methodically
meer.org/ebook/mbhist.htm

14. Movement to the Nearshore
Permanent laboratories were set up
Stazione Zoologica (Italy)
Marine Biology Society of the United Kingdom
Woods Hole (1888)
Hopkins (Stanford)
Scripps Institute of Oceanography
Friday Harbor (U. of Washington)
www-marine.stanford.edu

15. Technology Enters the Scene
Sonar
Scuba

16. Sonar Developed during WWII to locate Nazi U-boats
SOund Navigation And Ranging
Detect underwater echos

17. Scuba Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus
Allowed scientists to work under water
Limited to shallow water

18. Marine Biology Today *Research vessels High tech submarines
ROVs (Remotely operated vehicles)
AUVs (Autonomous underwater vehicles)
Undersea habitats
Remote sensing (satellites)
wapedia.mobi/en

19. Marine Biology Today Research vessels *High tech submarines
ROVs (Remotely operated vehicles)
AUVs (Autonomous underwater vehicles)
Undersea habitats
Remote sensing (satellites)
ic.ucsc.edu

20. oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/technology
Marine Biology Today
Research vessels
High tech submarines
*ROVs (Remotely operated vehicles)
*AUVs (Autonomous underwater vehicles)
Undersea habitats
Remote sensing (satellites)
oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/technology

21. Marine Biology Today Research vessels High tech submarines
ROVs (Remotely operated vehicles)
AUVs (Autonomous underwater vehicles)
*Undersea habitats
Remote sensing (satellites)

22. Marine Biology Today Research vessels High tech submarines
ROVs (Remotely operated vehicles)
AUVs (Autonomous underwater vehicles)
Undersea habitats
*Remote sensing (satellites)
njscuba.net

23. Challenger Activity Groups of 4 Discuss the answer to your question
Prepare a 2-3 min answer to share with the class