2. Bellringer 9/17/15 You are an alien from the world of Zombie Land. When you arrive on the planet Earth you observe many strange fascinating objects. How do you determine if something is “a living thing”? Explain in 3 sentences.

3. Bellringer 9/21/15- Copy the sentences 1)_____________ was the explorer who proved that polar ice drifts and that there is no “Arctic continent”. 2) _____________ was the first explorer to navigate the globe. 3) The _____________ ____________ was the first voyage strictly for science. Ocean depths were studied.

4. Objective Today we will learn about 1) characteristics of living things 2) How organisms obtain energy.

5. Living things possess these characteristics Made up of cells Reproduce Grow and develop Respond to stimuli Have a genetic code- DNA Requires energy Maintain a stable internal environment- Homeostasis

6. 1) What provides us with energy? 2)Why do we need energy?

7. Energy Energy is the capacity to do work. A plant transforms light energy into chemical energy. An animal transforms chemical energy into energy of movement by the muscles, into heat, to build large molecules from small molecules, etc.

8. Second law of thermodynamics states that disorder inevitably tends to increase in the universe. Entropy is measure of the disorder. Living things delay this disorganization through the transformation of energy In living things the flow of energy results in increased order and low entropy.

9. What does the root word “Photo” mean?

10. What do you remember about phosynthesis?

11. Photosynthesis

12. So if photosynthesis uses energy from the sun, where do you think the energy for chemosynthesis comes from?

13. Chemosynthesis- uses energy-rich inorganic molecules to produce energy

14. Why would some organisms use chemicals to make their own food instead of using sunlight ?

15. Primary Productivity Primary productivity is the synthesis of organic materials ( usually glucose a carbohydrate ) from inorganic substances by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

16. Knowledge Check A deer in the woods smells humans. The deer runs off into the forest. This is an example of A. Maintaining a stable environment B. Response to Stimuli C. Having a genetic code D. Development

17. Knowledge Check When a dog is hot it begins to pant. This is an example of A. Maintaining a stable environment B. Response to Stimuli C. Having a genetic code D. Development

18. Knowledge Check The universal genetic code is A. Cells B. RNA C. DNA D. Homeostasis

19. Knowledge Check The following is a characteristic of all living things A. Reproduction B. Movement C. Breathing D. Eating

20. Knowledge Check List the seven characteristics that all living things share.

21. Knowledge Check _________ is the measure of the disorder in the universe. A. Work B. Thermodynamics C. Energy D. Entropy

22. Knowledge Check _________ is a ability to do work. A. Work B. Thermodynamics C. Energy D. Entropy

23. Knowledge Check The second law of ______________ states that disorder tends to increase in the universe. A. Work B. Thermodynamics C. Energy D. Entropy

24. Where does the carbon come from to make glucose?

25. How is primary productivity expressed? It is expressed in grams of carbon bound into organic material per square meter of ocean surface per year

26. What kind of organisms live in the ocean that produce their own food? What do you call an organism that makes its food from photosynthesis or chemosynthesis?

27. Marine organisms that are autotrophs Phytoplankton - minute drifting photosynthetic organisms produce between 90% and 96% of oceanic carbohydrates. Seaweed - larger marine photosynthesizers contribute from 2% to 5% of the ocean’s primary productivity Chemosynthetic organisms probably account for between 2% and 5% f the total.

28. The Bottom Line is Marine producers are much more efficient in their production of food than their land-based counterparts. Nutrients cycle from producer to consumer and back more quickly in marine ecosystems.

29. What do the following terms mean? Auto? Trophe? Hetero?

30. Feeding (Trophic) Relationships Photosynthetic and chemosynthetic organisms are called autotrophs - ( auto = self, trophe = nourishment ) or producers because they make their own food. Heterotrophs ( hetero = other, different ) are organisms, such as animals, that must consume other organisms. They are also called consumers.

31. Energy flows through an ecosystem in a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by being eaten ________________ _________________ = _________________ http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/foodchain.jpg PRODUCERS (Autotrophs) CONSUMERS (Heterotrophs) ↑ ↑ FOOD CHAIN B6.1: Explain how the interactions among organisms generate stability within ecosystem.

32. Each step in a food chain or web = _______________ ______________ ALWAYS make up the ________ trophic level. http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll TROPHIC LEVEL PRODUCERS FIRST B6.1: Explain how the interactions among organisms generate stability within ecosystem.

33. Lower levels must be bigger to support the level above. Only about_____ of the energy from each level is passed on. http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll 10% B6.1: Explain how the interactions among organisms generate stability within ecosystem.

34. Some energy is used for life processes such as growth, development, movement, metabolism, transport, and reproduction. The rest is lost as ________ http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll HEAT B6.1: Explain how the interactions among organisms generate stability within ecosystem.

35. Marine food chain Label the food chain Primary producer Primary consumer Secondary consumer Tertiary consumer Quaternary consumer

36. In most ecosystems feeding relationships are more complex A ______________ links ALL the food chains in an ecosystem together. FOOD WEB Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall B6.1: Explain how the interactions among organisms generate stability within ecosystem.

38. Instructions for food web activity For each food chain use a different colored pencil. Trace the food chain with a colored pencil and label each organism ( with the same color) as primary producer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, or quaternary consumer. Each food chain in the food web should be traced and labeled. Remember that in one food chain an organism could be a secondary consumer but in another food chain it might be a tertiary consumer.

40. Bellringer 9/30 Oceanography review 1) Who sailed aboard the HMS Beagle and studied reefs and is responsible for the theory of evolution? 2) Who was the first person to circumnavigate the globe? 3) Who were the “Purple People”? 4) Why was the Challenger expedition important? 5) Which ocean do we live near? 6) Tell me about the Vikings. 7) Which continent is the USA located in?

41. Objective Today we will complete our foodwebs

42. Instructions Complete your foodweb and glue in place. Answer the questions on your sheet Share your foodweb with another group. The group should pick two of the foodchains in the web and check for accuracy.

45. Instructions for Food Web Worksheet Read through the text. Use the pictures provided to construct a food web. When you and your partner come to consensus, glue the organisms in place. Answer the questions.