1. Music of Chinese Opera 陳正芬 /Emily Chen/925251 朱玉如 /Ruby Chu/925204

2. I. The Emergence of the Forms of Theatrical Music 1.The characteristic of 「諸宮調」 and its influence 2. Another form of 「諸宮調」 : 「唱 賺」 ex: 《董西廂》 3. 曲牌體 (ex: 崑曲） vs. 板腔體 (ex: 皮黃 ） ex: 《王英下山》

3. II. The Characteristics of 「北曲」、「南曲」 and others 1. 「北曲」 : it has more words and the rhythm is hasty ex: 《武家坡》 2. 「南曲」 : it has less words and the rhythm is slow ex : 《荊釵記》 3. 「崑曲」 and its revolution ex: 《斷橋》 & 《牡丹亭》

4. III. The Musical Instruments of Chinese Opera 1. The band of Chinese opera: ｢場面｣ ˙ ｢文場｣ : for orchestra music ( 管絃樂 ) ˙ ｢武場｣ : for percussion music ( 打擊樂 ) ˙ ｢文場｣＋｢武場｣＝｢文武場｣

5. 2. Instruments for ｢文場｣ : ˙ 胡琴、二胡、月琴、三絃 ─> 絃樂 ˙ 笛、笙、嗩吶、海笛 ( 小喇叭 )─> 管樂 3. Instruments for ｢武場｣ : ˙ 大鑼、小鑼、鐃鈸、堂鼓 ˙ ｢鑼鼓經｣或｢鑼鼓點子｣ : the instrument is used for different stage situations ex. 大鑼 : for serious occasion like battleground 小鑼 : for harmonious, casual occasion 鐃鈸 : for nervous, hasty occasion

6. IV. The Contradiction Between Musical and Theatrical Features 1. The characteristic of Chinese language 2. The creation of beautiful melodies 3. How to solve the contradiction

7. V. The Overall Structure of Music 1. The unity of music and rhythm 2. The use of gong and drum 3. The disadvantage of Chinese theatrical music

8. Music Link—Now Let’s Listen http://www.rthk.org.hk/chiculture/c hiopera/opera_03.htm

9. References 張庚。戲曲藝術論。台北市 : 丹青文庫， 1987 。 張大夏。細說國劇。台北市 : 藝術館， 1998 。 http://www.rthk.org.hk/chiculture/chiopera/opera_03. htmhttp://www.rthk.org.hk/chiculture/chiopera/opera_03. htm http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/1/10/10/c6544.htmhtt p://www.epochtimes.com/b5/3/2/23/c10776.htm http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/1/10/10/c6546.htm http://202.108.249.200/opera/special/C12446/01/index.shtml

10. Thanks for your attention !