1. The Scramble for Africa
“So long as there is imperialism in the world, a permanent peace is impossible”
– Hassan Nasrallah
Secretary general of the Lebanese political and parliamentary organization. Leader if shiite muslim group

6. Imperialism
What is it?
The policy of extending the rule of an empire/nation over another territory/foreign country… OR acquiring/holding colonies in that country.

7. The Scramble: 1881-1914 What was it?
Invasion, occupation, colonization and annexation of African territory by European powers.
In 1870, 10% of Africa was in the hands of Europeans. In 1914, 90% of Africa was in the hands of Europeans.
Only Ethiopia and Liberia were independent!

8. The Scramble: 1881-1914 Why? End of slave trade Age of exploration
Henry staley morton
Capitalism
Industrial revolution
In 1833, Britain stopped the slave trade and started a trend. Many other places also stopped the slave trade.Also they cut off the slave trade in Africa too. HOWEVER, in Africa they were still trading inland. People who wanted slavery gone heard of these stories from travelers so they wanted to do something.
Curiosity, but also because of the new markets and good they could find in Africa
One of the first men to explore africa. Sent by King Leopold of Belgium to map out a colony (even though they couldn’t afford it at this time) but once other people saw him doing it, they wanted in too!
No my European’s trading in slaves meant they needed another means of income/business. So, they used the resources in Africa to start new trading practices, also to find new trading routes. Were able to get the workforce to start producing materials like rubber, coffee, sugar, oil, etc.
New ways to travel (steam engine) and faster way to get materials made so they could trade.

9. The Berlin Conference 1884 & 1885
Established the ground rules for claiming land and carving up Africa!
IF a nation claimed a piece of land they had to notify the other signers of the Berlin Act. If not, then it was legit.
Even when claiming a land, part of the act said that you had to make sure to protect existing rights of freedom and trade in that area.
Did this so that the conquest of Africa wouldn’t be super bloody

10. The Berlin Conference Free trade in the Congo basin
Niger/Congo rivers free for ship traffic
Countries agreed to end slave trade
New territories had to make treaties with local rulers

11. Effects of the scramble
Boundaries determined in Berlin Act are most of the boundaries in Africa today!
Divided ethnic groups
Brought enemies under the same government, causing problems (ex: Rwanda)
Exploited the resources in Africa