1. Evidence for Evolution

2. Comparative Anatomy (Homology)
Similarity resulting from common ancestry

3. Homologous structures
anatomical resemblances that represent variations on a structural theme that was present in a common ancestor
Figure 22.14
Human
Cat
Whale
Bat

4. Comparative embryology
Anatomical homologies not visible in adult organisms
Figure 22.15
Pharyngeal
pouches
Post-anal
tail
Chick embryo
Human embryo

5. Molecular Homologies
Genes and proteins that are shared among organisms inherited from a common ancestor

6. Anatomical resemblances among species
Reflected in their molecules, genes, and gene products
Figure 22.16
Species
Human
Rhesus monkey
Mouse
Chicken
Frog
Lamprey
14%
54%
69%
87%
95%
100%
Percent of Amino Acids That Are
Identical to the Amino Acids in a
Human Hemoglobin Polypeptide

7. Biogeography
Similar mammals that have adapted to similar environments, have evolved independently from different ancestors
Sugar
glider
AUSTRALIA
NORTH
AMERICA
Flying
squirrel
Figure 22.17

8. The Darwinian view of life
Predicts that evolutionary transitions should leave signs in the fossil record
Fossils of many such transitional forms have been found
Figure 22.18

10. In science, a theory (e.g. evolution)
Accounts for many observations, facts, laws, and data and explains and integrates a great variety of phenomena