1. 1450 – 1750 Cultural Transformations -Religion and Science
Chapter 15 Unit 4
1450 – 1750
Cultural Transformations
-Religion and Science

2. Protestant Reformation
A religious movement in the 1500s that split the Roman Catholic church and led to the establishment of a number of new churches
October 31, 1517
Meme: “Nailed it”

3. Martin Luther
German monk whose protests against the Catholic Church in 1517 (95 Theses) led to calls for reform and to the movement known as the Reformation
“main mover and shaker”

4. Ninety-Five Theses
List of grievances penned by Martin Luther and said to have been pubilcly posted on the doors of the Wittenberg Church in 1517

5. Indulgences
Pardons issued by the pope of the Roman Catholic Church that could reduce a soul’s time in purgatory
When sold in the 1400s and 1500s, it led to corruption, controversy, and the Reformation.

6. Salvation
Eternal life
Heaven

7. Schism
Split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties, caused by differences in opinion or belief
The formal separation of a church into two churches or the secession of a group owing to doctrinal or other differences

8. Catholic Counter Reformation
An internal reform of the Catholic Church in the 16th century;
Thanks especially to the Council of Trent ( ),   
Catholic leaders clarified doctrine, corrected abuses and corruption, and put a new emphasis on education and accountability.

9. Taki Onqoy (TAH kee OHN koy)
Literally, “dancing sickness”
A religious revival movement in central Peru in the 1560s whose members preached the imminent destruction of Christianity and of the Europeans in favor of a renewed Andean Age

10. Ursula de Jesus
Slave and later religious lay woman at the Peruvian Convent of Santa Clara
A lucky escape inspired her to pursue a pious life of mortification and good words gaining a reputation as a woman of extraordinary devotion and humility as well as a visionary and mystic

11. Jesuits aka “Society of Jesus” Catholic missionary order
Founded by Ignatius of Loyola
Part of the Catholic Counter Reformation

13. Wahhabi(wah-HAB-ee)Islam
Major Islamic movement led by the Muslim theologian Abd al-Wahhab ( )
Advocated an austere lifestyle and strict adherence to Islamic law

14. kaozheng (kow-jung) Literally, “research based on evidence”
Chinese intellectual movement whose practitioners emphasized the importance of evidence and analysis
Applied especially to historical documents

15. Mirabai (MIR-ah-bye) One of India’s most beloved bhakti poets
( )
Helped break down the barriers of caste and tradition

16. Sikhism (SEEK-ism) Religious tradition of northern India
Founded by Guru Nanak ca. 1500
Combines elements of Hinduism and Islam
Proclaims the brotherhood of ALL humans AND the equality of men and women

17. Nicolaus Copernicus Polish mathematician and astronomer 1473-1543
Was the first to argue for the existence of a heliocentric cosmos

18. Isaac Newton English scientist 1643-1727
Formulated laws of motion and mechanics
Findings are considered the culmination of the Scientific Revolution

19. European Enlightenment
European intellectual movement of the eighteenth century (1700s)
Applied the lessons of the Scientific Revolution to human affairs
Was noted for its commitment to open- mindedness and inquiry and the belief that knowledge could transform human society

21. French term for Enlightenment thinkers - philosophers
Philosophes
Lovers of wisdom
French term for Enlightenment thinkers - philosophers

22. Voltaire
Pen name of the French philosopher Francois – Marie Arouret ( ), whose work is often taken as a model of Enlightenment questioning of traditional values and attitudes; notes for his deism and his criticism of traditional religion

23. Condorcet (kahn-dor-SAY) & the idea of progress
The Marquis de Condorcet ( ) was a French philosopher and political scientist who argued that human affairs were moving into an era of near- infinite improvability, with slavery, racism, tyranny, and other human trials swept away by the triumph of reason.