1. Greek Achievements 5.3 pp 142-149

2. Greek Achievements Greek Philosophy Greek Philosophy –“Philosophy” means “love of wisdom” –3 most famous Greek philosophers were Socrates Socrates Plato Plato Aristotle Aristotle

3. Socrates First great Greek philosopher First great Greek philosopher Socratic method – use of questions to guide people to truths Socratic method – use of questions to guide people to truths Interested in ideas about truth, justice, virtue Interested in ideas about truth, justice, virtue We know about Socrates because his student, Plato, wrote about him We know about Socrates because his student, Plato, wrote about him

4. Socrates Socrates made many enemies Socrates made many enemies In 399 B.C. he was found guilty of disrespect for the gods and corrupting children In 399 B.C. he was found guilty of disrespect for the gods and corrupting children He was sentenced to die by drinking poison He was sentenced to die by drinking poison

5. Plato Student of Socrates Student of Socrates Founded The Academy, an early school Founded The Academy, an early school Most famous work: The Republic Most famous work: The Republic –Says philosophers make the best leaders –Question: would Plato have supported Athenian democracy? Why or why not?

6. Aristotle Student of Plato Student of Plato Founded a school called The Lyceum Founded a school called The Lyceum Used reason and logic to study the natural world Used reason and logic to study the natural world –Reason: clear and ordered thinking –Logic: process of drawing conclusions- using what you know to learn new facts Was a tutor of Alexander the Great Was a tutor of Alexander the Great

7. Greek Literature Poetry Poetry –Lyric poetry – poems that deal with emotions and desires; often accompanied by a lyre –Epic poetry – tell stories of great events and heroes

8. Homer Blind Greek bard, or poet Blind Greek bard, or poet Two famous works Two famous works –The Iliad- tells of the Trojan war between Troy and Greece –The Odyssey- the tale of Odysseus’ journey home Poems not written- they were memorized and sung Poems not written- they were memorized and sung

9. The Iliad 10 year war between Troy (also called Ilium) and the Greeks 10 year war between Troy (also called Ilium) and the Greeks Helen, wife of Menelaus, is kidnapped by Paris, a Prince of Troy Helen, wife of Menelaus, is kidnapped by Paris, a Prince of Troy Menelaus and his brother Agamemnon lead the Greeks to Troy to get Helen back Menelaus and his brother Agamemnon lead the Greeks to Troy to get Helen back

10. The Iliad Iliad tells stories of heroes like Achilles and Odysseus, Ajax, Hector, and Aeneas Iliad tells stories of heroes like Achilles and Odysseus, Ajax, Hector, and Aeneas The gods play important parts in the events of the story The gods play important parts in the events of the story “Sing, goddess, the rage of Achilles the son of Peleus, the destructive rage that sent countless ills on the Achaeans... “ “Sing, goddess, the rage of Achilles the son of Peleus, the destructive rage that sent countless ills on the Achaeans... “ - opening lines of - opening lines of the Iliad the Iliad

11. The Odyssey After the war, Odysseus spends 10 years trying to return home After the war, Odysseus spends 10 years trying to return home Odyssey has come to mean any long and difficult journey Odyssey has come to mean any long and difficult journey

12. Greek Literature History History –First historians were Greeks Herodotus – wrote about the Persian Wars Herodotus – wrote about the Persian Wars Thucydides – wrote about the Peloponnesian War Thucydides – wrote about the Peloponnesian War

13. Greek Drama 2 types of drama, or playwriting 2 types of drama, or playwriting –Tragedy –Comedy Dramas were performed as part of religious festivals honoring Dionysus Dramas were performed as part of religious festivals honoring Dionysus

14. Greek Tragedies Tragedies focused on hardships faced by Greek heroes Tragedies focused on hardships faced by Greek heroes Great tragedy writers Great tragedy writers –Aeschylus (Ess-ka-luss) wrote the Oresteia –Sophocles wrote Oedipus the King –Euripides wrote Medea

15. Greek Comedies Comedies were satires – they used humor to point out flaws in society Comedies were satires – they used humor to point out flaws in society –Aristophanes criticized the religion, the treatment of women in Athens, and warfare

16. Greek Architecture Most famous Greek building: the Parthenon – a temple to Athena, on the Athenian acropolis Most famous Greek building: the Parthenon – a temple to Athena, on the Athenian acropolis

17. Greek Sculpture Greeks sculpted realistic statues of humans Greeks sculpted realistic statues of humans Showed the ideal human form Showed the ideal human form Famous sculptors Famous sculptors –Phidias –Myron –Praxiteles

18. Greek Painting Greeks painted mostly in red and black Greeks painted mostly in red and black Paintings found on vases, plates, bowls, cups Paintings found on vases, plates, bowls, cups Show scenes from everyday life or myths Show scenes from everyday life or myths Painted frescoes and murals on walls Painted frescoes and murals on walls