1. Division of Population Health Sciences Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Coláiste Ríoga na Máinleá in Éirinn Risk of stroke following transient ischaemic attack: The ABCD 2 CPR Rose Galvin, Colm Geraghty, Nicola Motterlini, Borislav D. Dimitrov, Tom Fahey

2. Division of Population Health Sciences Outline Background ABCD system Results & quality assessment Discussion

3. Division of Population Health Sciences Background Risk of stroke after TIA is significant Burden of stroke Significant challenge to clinicians to identify those at greatest risk Face Arm Speech Time (FAST)

4. Division of Population Health Sciences ABCD system ABCD 2 CPR –amalgamation of 2 CPRs –7 point rule –summation of clinical signs and symptoms

5. Age (≥ 60 years) Blood pressure (SBP ≥ 140 or DBP ≥ 90 ) Clinical features (unilateral weakness and speech impairment) Duration of symptoms Diabetes 0-3 4-5 6-7 Low RiskModerate RiskHigh Risk ABCD 2 CPR Management in community Specialist assessment within 7 days Urgent hospital admission (< 24 hours)

6. Division of Population Health Sciences Aim To assess the predictive value of the ABCD 2 rule in relation to –7 & 90 day risk of stroke across the three risk strata

7. Division of Population Health Sciences Data analysis Derivation study used as a predictive model Results presented as ratio measurement: predicted number of strokes by ABCD 2 rule observed number of strokes in validation study

8. Pooled analysis – 7 days Total RR( 95 % CI) 1.11 (0.61-2.02) 1.10 (0.75-1.62) 0.98 (0.72-2.34) I 2 =0% I 2 =59% I 2 =27% N=1933 N=1640 N=1053 Low Moderate High

9. Pooled analysis – 90 days Low Moderate High Total RR( 95 % CI) 1.48 (0.86-2.55) 2.10 (1.25-3.53) 1.83 (0.92-3.65) I 2 =27% I 2 =78% I 2 =83% N=1660 N=2214 N=1033

10. Division of Population Health Sciences To assess the methodological quality of the validation studies 2 independent raters McGinn quality checklist –internal validity –external validity Quality assessment

11. Quality of ABCD 2 validation studies

12. Division of Population Health Sciences Discussion ABCD 2 is a useful CPR, particularly in relation to 7 day risk of stroke Variation in the study setting and design needs to be considered International consensus regarding low and high risk patients