1. Life Span Development

2. Prenatal - Development

3. Genetics in Brief

4. Very Beginning At conception, you were a cell no bigger than a period. In this cell contained your blueprint…. Your genetic make-up

5. The Genetic Makeup of One Cell

6. Chromosomes Are the blueprint to you Threadlike structures made up of DNA – chemical basis of heredity 46 in each cell 23 received from each parent

7. Chromosomes

8. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) A complex molecule Contains the genetic information of each chromosome Each gene has information like eye color, hair color, height, handedness

9. Conception to Birth Prenatal Development

10. What are the three times in a woman’s life when she can’t get pregnant? Before puberty After menopause And when she is pregnant – (if she gets pregnant with another –SHE IS STILL PREGNANT) ANY OTHER TIME – A WOMAN IS FERTILE

11. Prenatal Development Prenatal defined as “before birth” Prenatal stage begins at conception and ends with the birth of the child.

12. From conception to the first year –3 stages of prenatal development Zygote period – first 2 weeks Embryonic period – 2 weeks to 8 weeks Fetal period – 8 weeks to birth

13. Ovulate

14. 350 Million Sperm

15. Uterus

16. Zygote A newly fertilized egg The first two weeks are a period of rapid cell division. the cells start specialize in function

17. Zygote cont. After 10 days zygote attaches to the mother’s uterine wall – TRANSITIONS TO THE EMBRYO STAGE It stays there for approximately the next 37 weeks

18. 5 Days old

19. Prenatal Development

20. Discussion 1.What exactly is conception? 2.What is a zygote? 3.How long does the zygote stage last?

21. Embryo 14 days until the end of the eight week Most of the major organs are formed during this time. Heartbeat, Red Blood Cells Embryo – 45 Days

22. 4 Weeks

23. Prenatal Development – 2 months

24. STOP WRITING Please stand up Jump 5 times Pick your own partner – a different person this time please Let’s discuss

25. Discussion 1.What is conception? 2.What is a zygote? 3.After the Zygote stage, what is the next stage? 4.What are the main characteristics of the embryonic stage

26. Make it’s first movements

27. Fetal Period The period between the beginning of the ninth week until birth

28. From conception to the first year Fetal stage— the 9 th week on Unmistakably human in form further development of organs and systems: marked increase in nervous system development and brain weight

30. 9 Weeks

31. 18 Weeks

32. 24 Weeks

33. 30 Weeks

34. 35 Weeks

37. Time to Process!!!!!

38. Discussion 1.What is a zygote? 2.What are the characteristics of embryos? 3.What are fetuses?

40. Umbilical Cord

41. Problems that can occur –Harmful influences that can cross the placenta barrier –Called teratogens-include German measles, radiation, toxic chemicals, sexually transmitted diseases, cigarette smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, prescription and nonprescription drugs.

42. Teratogens Substances that pass through the placenta’s screen and prevent the fetus from developing normally Includes: radiation, toxic chemicals, viruses, drugs, alcohol, nicotine, etc.

44. STOP Drinking and taking drugs, even over-the-counter medication

46. These children were born addicted to cocaine This child was left by her cocaine addicted mother

47. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) A series of physical and cognitive abnormalities in children due to their mother drinking large amounts of alcohol during pregnancy

49. Smoking and Birth Weight

50. Are humans completely helpless at Birth?

51. From conception to the first year Newborns are able to see, but are nearsighted 20/500 legally blind. -prefer faces over other stimuli in the environment.

53. The Beginnings of Life: The Newborn

54. Rooting Reflex Infants’ tendency, when touched on the cheek, to move their face in the direction of the touch and open their mouth Is an automatic, unlearned response Child is looking for nourishment.

55. Reflexes in the Newborn Sucking & Swallowing –Allow for food to be received at birth Grasping Stepping

57. Temperament A person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

58. Temperament A baby’s temperament is apparent after just a few hours of birth –“easy” babies – eat and sleep regularly –“difficult” – unpredictable, intense, & irritable

59. Newborns are able to see, but are nearsighted. -prefer faces over other stimuli in the environment. Prefer the sounds of their parent’s voices over others

60. Physical Development in Infancy and Childhood

61. Infant, Toddler, Child Infant: First year Toddler: From about 1 year to 3 years of age Child: Span between toddler and teen

62. Neural Development

63. Maturation Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior

64. Motor Development Includes all physical skills and muscular coordination When did you first roll over, sit up, walk, ride a bike???

65. Motor Development

66. Social Development in Infancy and Childhood

67. Stranger Anxiety The fear of strangers an infant displays around 8 months of age Lasts until approx. 2 1/2

68. Attachment An emotional tie with another person resulting in seeking closeness Children develop strong attachments to their parents and caregivers. Body contact, familiarity, and responsiveness all contribute to attachment.

69. Factors affecting attachment: -Neglect, abuse, and deprivation adversely affect attachment, however, differences in normal child- rearing practices have no affect

70. Daycare does not affect attachment Temperament, chronic stress, and rejection can affect attachment Cultural expectations can also play a role

71. Familiarity Sense of contentment with that which is already known Infants are familiar with their parents and caregivers.

72. Imprinting and Critical Period A process by which certain animals, early in life, form attachments The imprinted behavior develops within a critical period--an optimal period when the organism’s exposure to certain stimuli produce the imprinted behavior.

73. Responsiveness Responsive parents are aware of what their children are doing. Unresponsive parents ignore their children--helping only when they want to.

74. Securely or Insecurely Attached Securely attached – children will explore their environment when primary caregiver is present Insecurely attached – children will appear distressed and cry when caregiver leaves. Will cling to them when they return

75. Harry Harlow Did research with infant monkeys on how body contact relates to attachment The monkeys had to chose between a cloth mother or a wire mother that provided food.

76. The monkeys spent most of their time by the cloth mother.

78. Effects of Attachment Secure attachment predicts social competence. Deprivation of attachment is linked to negative outcome. A responsive environment helps most infants recover from attachment disruption.