1. Teaching Literature in Secondary Schools Dr. Buchanan ENG 499 Fall 2012

2. Teaching Literature What is literature? Why teach literature? Who we teach? How to teach literature? Student centered Lead students through task-oriented interactions Engage students in challenging tasks Scaffold to support construction Move from “near to home” to “far from home” Individual, Small Group, Large Group

3. Instructional Sequence Before teaching: Set Goals Before reading: Frontload activities Beginning to read: Set purpose During reading: Guide students’ reading After reading: Reflect on experience Follow up: Extend understanding beyond text

4. Three Phases of Teaching Literature Enter (Frontload) Explore Expand

5. Enter Gateway Activities Freewriting Think-Pair-Share Interviews Minilectures Booktalks

6. Enter K-W-L Quick Writes Tea Party Opinionnaries Scenarios Role Play

7. Explore Reader Response Interpretive Community Formal analysis Critical Synthesis

8. Reader Response Personal Triggers Suppositional Readers Conceptual Readiness Synergistic Texts Associative Recollections Collaborative Authors Imagine This

9. Reader Response Character Continuum Character Maps Focal Judgments Opinion Survey Interrogative Reading Jump Starts Title Testing

10. Interpretive Community Think Aloud Jump-In Reading Communal Judgment Defining Vignettes Readers’ Theater Assaying Characters Psychological Profiles Venn Diagramming

11. Formal Analysis Formal Discussion Questions Literary Rules of Notice Intertextuality Students Write Authors Speak Teachers Read

12. Critical Synthesis Moral/Philosophical Historical/Biographical Formalist/New Critical Rhetorical. Freudian Archetypical

13. Critical Sythesis Feminist Marxist Deconstructionist Reader Response New Historical Post-Colonial Criticism Queer Theory or Gender Theory

14. Classroom strategies to explore theory Small Group Questions Jigsaw Groups Role Playing Counter Questions Battle of the Book Critiques

15. Discussion Questions Engage students in creating questions Connect book to lives Volunteer contribution Engage everyone

16. QARs (Question-Answer Relationships) (Raphael, 1982) Text-Based Questions Right There Questions Think and Search Questions (inference) In My Head Questions Author and Me (not in the story, life experience) On My Own (don’t need to read book)

17. Question Levels (Hillocks, 1980) Level 1: Basic Stated Information Level 2: Key Details Level 3: Stated Relationships Level 4: Simple Implied Relationships Level 5: Complex Implied Relationships Level 6: Author’s Generalizations Level 7: Structural Generalizations

18. Questioning Circles

19. Rules for Questioning Consider purpose and choose questions accordingly Involve as many students as possible Ask follow-up questions Allow for wait time Listen to all answers, not just the ones you are expecting Teach students to ask their own questions

20. Teaching Discussion Silent Discussions Three Index-Card Discussion Listen and Follow Up Student Created Questions